need answer asap. no need for show work.

if we were to collect data on shoe size () and intelligence M we would find a strong positive correlation. In order to argue causality (X causes Y) minimum conditions met Xprecedes y X and Y are not in a spurious relationship, that is no other variable is driving the observed correlation between X and Y. 50 if X is absent, form That the observed correlation between X and Y did not emerge from coincidence or chance alone, that is a statistically significant relationship to All of the above conditions must be met even so, causality can almost never be proven in the social sciences. Regular inspection of product quality (results desired by a nervous public) in a new COVID vaccine manufacturing process can most likely be considered to be a Neither a value added activity or a business value added activity . A business value added activity Either a business value added activity or a non-value added activity d. A value added activity