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QUESTION:

Explain how information technology has been used to promote the four kinds of organizational change. Why is organizational change necessary?

ANSWER:

$$ There are four types of organizational change brought about by information technology; these are laid out by our textbook as $(1)$ automation, $(2)$ rationalization, $(3)$ business process redesign, and $(4)$ paradigm shifts$($Laudon$,2021,$ p$.491).$ Firstly, looking at automation, this is not a new topic. It is one of the first changes to be carried out as it is low$-$risk as it is essentially helping employees do their jobs and even cutting out menial tasks associated with some jobs, which can be great to reduce mental stress as well as the overall need for manpower, making processes more efficient and largely more accurate. An example of this at work would be Quickbook's ability to automate some degrees of the accounting process.$$

$$ Secondly, there is the rationalization of procedures, which is simply defined by our textbook as $$the streamlining of standard operating procedures$($Laudon$,2021,$ p$.491).$ This saves time and money, as the more simply the procedure is broken down, you can analyze the best way to perform said procedure. Which, in the end, frees up wasted time and resources to be used elsewhere. Many operation management systems work to find bottlenecks and other issues associated with a lack of efficiency.

$$ Thirdly, there is business process redesign, which is defined by our textbook by saying $$business processes are analyzed, simplified, and redesigned. Business process redesign reorganizes workflows, combining steps to cut waste and eliminate repetitive, paper$-$intensive tasks. $($Sometimes the new design eliminates jobs as well.$)$ It is much more ambitious than rationalization of procedures, requiring a new vision of how the process is to be organized.$($Laudon$,2021,$ p$.491).$ In essence, this is scrapping the original processes and working to create a new, more efficient process that is more technologically included to maximize efficiency. To aid in this, there are things like ERP to help with efficiency, as well as other tools related to operations management that will aid in redesigning a business process.

$$ Lastly, there is a paradigm shift, which is defined as $$rethinking the nature of the business and the nature of the organization$($Laudon$,2021,$ p$.492).$ A fundamental change to a business is kind of something that needs to be dreamt up$.$ Although the internet may provide you with some ideas, it is largely a creative effort.

$$ There are many reasons why organizational change is so important. For one, if you hope to stay competitive, you must stay up to date, and to do that, you should try to be as efficient as possible. This means adopting new technologies that offer benefits, streamlining your processes, and continuing to innovate to stand out among the rest of the competition. All of these things will help make the business competitively run.