Need help with 11-29 and 11-31.

11-29. Cost Allocation: Direct Method University Printers has two service departments, Maintenance and Personnel, and two operating departments, Printing and Developing. Management has decided to allocate maintenance costs on the basis of machine-hours in each department and personnel costs on the basis of labor-hours The following data appear in the company records for the current period. Required Use the direct method to allocate these service department costs to the operating departments. 11-30. Cost Allocation: Step Method Refer to the data for Caro Manufacturing in Exercise 11-27. Required Use the step method to allocate the service costs, using the following: a. The order of allocation starts with Maintenance. b. The allocations are made in the reverse order (starting with Cafeteria). 11-31. Cost Allocation: Step Method Refer to the data for University Printers in Exercise 11-29. Required Allocate the service department costs using the step method, starting with the Maintenance Department. What effect does using this method have on the allocation of costs