NOVA MAYTINEZ

HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS

CHAPTER $13$

$1.$ James D$.$ Thompson, a renowned organizational theorist, proposed three levels of organization in his book "Organizations in Action." These levels are:

$$ Technical Level: This level is concerned with the core technology or production processes of an organization. It involves the transformation of inputs into outputs, such as the production of goods or services. The technical level includes tasks, workflows, and job designs that are necessary to carry out the primary activities of the organization.

$$ Managerial Level: This level is responsible for coordinating and controlling the activities of the technical level. Managers at this level design and implement policies, procedures, and systems to ensure that the technical level operates efficiently and effectively. They also monitor performance, resolve conflicts, and make decisions that affect the overall direction of the organization.

$$ Institutional Level: This level is concerned with the external environment and the social, political, and economic factors that influence the organization. It includes the organization's relationships with stakeholders, such as customers, suppliers, regulators, and the broader community. The institutional level involves managing the organization's reputation, image, and legitimacy in the eyes of its stakeholders.

These three levels of organization are interdependent and interconnected, and they work together to achieve the organization's goals and objectives. Understanding these levels is essential for managing and leading organizations effectively.

$1.$ Effective relations with legislative bodies are crucial for organizations seeking to influence policy decisions and ensure their interests are represented. By building and maintaining positive relationships with government entities, organizations can engage in meaningful dialogue, provide valuable insights, and contribute to the development of informed policies.

Guidelines for building effective relations with legislative bodies:

$1.$ Stakeholder Engagement Involving and collaborating with various stakeholders, such as industry associations, non$-$governmental organizations, and community groups, is essential for building a strong coalition and presenting a unified voice. By engaging with stakeholders, organizations can share information, coordinate efforts, and demonstrate their commitment to the common good.

$2.$ Policy Research and Analysis Conducting thorough research and analysis is crucial for informing policy decisions and demonstrating expertise. Organizations should stay up to date on relevant policy issues, monitor legislative developments, and provide timely and accurate information to legislative bodies. By doing so$,$ organizations can establish themselves as trusted sources of information and contribute to informed decision$-$making.

$3.$ Communication Strategy Developing a clear and consistent communication plan is essential for engaging with legislative bodies effectively. Organizations should establish a dedicated team responsible for managing communication efforts, including drafting position papers, organizing meetings, and responding to inquiries. By maintaining a consistent and professional tone, organizations can build credibility and trust with legislative bodies.

$4.$ Relationship Building and maintaining positive relationships with legislative bodies is critical for long$-$term success. Organizations should establish regular communication channels, provide updates on industry developments, and offer to assist with policy research and analysis. By demonstrating a willingness to collaborate and provide value, organizations can establish themselves as trusted partners and build lasting relationships with legislative bodies.

$5.$ Monitoring and Reporting Monitoring and reporting on policy developments and legislative activities is essential for staying informed and responding to emerging issues. Organizations should establish a system for tracking policy developments, analyzing their impact, and reporting back to stakeholders. By doing so$,$ organizations can demonstrate their commitment to transparency and accountability.

$2.$ Effective Presentations: A well$-$crafted presentation can help you communicate your ideas, engage your audience, and achieve your desired outcome.

Stages of making effective presentations:

$$ Understanding the Audience Before creating a presentation, it's essential to understand the audience's needs, interests, and expectations. This will help you tailor your message and presentation style to resonate with them.

$$ Defining the Objective Clearly define the objective of your presentation. What do you want to achieve? What message do you want to convey? This will help you stay focused and ensure that your presentation is relevant and impactful.

$$ Researching and Gathering Information Conduct thorough research and gather relevant information to support your message.