On the basis of an extensive survey, the California Department of Education reported an r of –.32 for the relationship between the amount of time spent watching TV and the achievement test scores of schoolchildren. Each of the following statements represents a possible interpretation of this finding. Indicate whether each is True or False.

(a) Every child who watches a lot of TV will perform poorly on the achievement tests.

(b) Extensive TV viewing causes a decline in test scores.

(c) Children who watch little TV will tend to perform well on the tests.

(d) Children who perform well on the tests will tend to watch little TV.

(e) If Gretchen’s TV-viewing time is reduced by one-half, we can expect a substantial improvement in her test scores.

(f) TV viewing could not possibly cause a decline in test scores.

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