One morning, Emily travelled to her office on a bus run by Sunny Motor Bus Limited (“Sunny”). The bus was extremely full and she chose to stand close to the exit door of the bus. Peter, the new bus driver, who was unfamiliar with the route, was humming a tune while driving. He had not noticed that the traffic light had turned red and violently swerved to avoid hitting a pedestrian who was crossing the road. At that moment, the exit door swung open, and Emily fell out onto the street. Emily was seriously injured and suffered broken arms.

Required:

1. Discuss whether Emily is entitled to bring a legal action against Peter for her injuries based on tort of negligence. You are required to cite a relevant case in your explanation.

2. Discuss whether Emily is liable for contributory negligence if when boarding the bus, she read a notice on the bus door which states that “No sitting or standing in the doorway”. You are required to cite a relevant case in your explanation.