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George Jenkins started Publix's employee stock ownership plan in 1974. Employees who work more than 1,000 hours and have one year of tenure are granted shares that have an initial value around 10 percent of annual compensation. Employees then receive additional grants each year for as long as they stay, while having the option to purchase additional stock with an automatic deduction from their paychecks. Since 1974, Publix's stock has delivered an average annual return of almost 17 percent. To get a sense of what that means during a career, a veteran store manager with 20,000 shares would have over $900,000 in stock. Publix's stock ownership plan has helped it become the largest employee-owned company in the world (it sits at 101 in the Fortune 500). That level of ownership is one reason that employees are termed "associates" -to signify that they are co-owners of the firm. Even the company's promotion-from-within policy is referred to as "succession planning." a term typically only used with top executives. One manager notes that jargon is used to show that "no associate is better or more important than the others." The ownership structure also gives the company a bit more freedom to chart its own course. "I'm amazed that more companies don't offer ownership in the company in order to get better performance," argues Publix's outgoing CEO, Ed Crenshaw. "Being a privately held company gives us the freedom to take a longer view of the business, and it makes a huge difference in how you can allocate and spend capital. We're very fortunate to be able to do that." Scientific studies of stock ownership suggest that employees feel higher satisfaction levels because of the mindset that comes with owning. There certainly seems to be some evidence of that at Publix. Its annual voluntary turnover rate sits at just 5 percent in an industry that averages 65 percent! In part, that loyalty can be seen as repaying a company that has never downsized in its 90-year history. All of this has created admirers outside the company, not just inside it. As billionaire investor Warren Buffett summarizes, "It's the kind of company Id like to buy. It has a terrific record in a very, very, very tough industry. There's a certain amount of magic down there in terms of running the place." 4.1 If you reflect on all the things Publix does to build and maintain satisfaction levels, which would "move the needle" for you the most? Why? 4.2 If you had the opportunity to allocate a portion of your paycheck to stock ownership in your company, would you? Why or why not? How do you think owning stock would shape your attitudes toward your employer? 4.3 Businesses like Publix employ a lot of part-time employees, and employees who are just getting started in their work careers. Do you think it's easier to build job satisfaction levels among such employees, or harder? Sources: C. Tkaczyk, "My Five Days of 'Bleeding Green," Fortume, March 15, 2016; and A.A. Buchko, "The Elfects of Employee Ownership on Employee Attitudes: An Integrated Causal Model and Path Analysis." Jourmal of Management Studies 30, no. 4 (July 1993), pp. 633-57