Part A: Seasonal changes in freeze tolerance and cryoprotectants The wood frog, Rana sylvatica, is a...
Fantastic news! We've Found the answer you've been seeking!
Question:
Transcribed Image Text:
Part A: Seasonal changes in freeze tolerance and cryoprotectants The wood frog, Rana sylvatica, is a largely terrestrial frog species that is found from the Southern Appalachians to the Arctic circle. Wood frogs return to ponds to breed in the spring, but spend most of their lives (including the winter) in leaf litter in the forest. Their freeze tolerance has been extensively studied, particularly in Ontario and Ohio. Adult female frogs collected in Ohio were acclimated to either 'summer' conditions (25 C, 16 h light) or 'winter' conditions (2 C, 8 h light) and placed on moist moss. The frogs were cooled at 0.1 C/min in contact with a thermocouple. The temperature at which they froze (indicated by the presence of a freezing exotherm) is presented the 'Supercooling points' tab of the spreadsheet. To determine the minimum temperature survived by the frogs from each acclimation group, the frogs were cooled (again on moist moss at 0.1 C/min) to a range of different temperatures, where they were held for 6 h (N=25 frogs/treatment/temperature). They were rewarmed at 0.5 C/min to 4 C and their survival assessed after 24 h of recovery (data in the 'Survival' tab of the spreadsheet). Hint: Plot these survival data, but you don't need to perform any statistics. In addition, the urea, glucose, glycerol and glycogen (in liver only) concentrations were measured in blood and liver samples from six frogs from each acclimation, both when the frogs were unfrozen, and when they were frozen at -2.5 C for 6 h (N-6 frogs/acclimation/treatment). These data are in the 'Cryoprotectants' tab. Note that Glycogen is a large, variable, branched molecule made up of glucose subunits, so it is measured in moles of glucose-equivalents. Hint: For the cryoprotectant dataset, you might want to plot means and standard deviations first, to look at the data; there are probably only a few changes that look biologically significant - these would be worth focusing on for statistics, too. 1) How do supercooling points, cold tolerance, and cryoprotectants differ between the acclimation groups (1-2 sentences)? 2) What is the physiological response to being frozen in these frogs (1-2 sentences)? 3) How does the response to freezing change with acclimation to winter conditions (1-2 sentences)? Part A: Seasonal changes in freeze tolerance and cryoprotectants The wood frog, Rana sylvatica, is a largely terrestrial frog species that is found from the Southern Appalachians to the Arctic circle. Wood frogs return to ponds to breed in the spring, but spend most of their lives (including the winter) in leaf litter in the forest. Their freeze tolerance has been extensively studied, particularly in Ontario and Ohio. Adult female frogs collected in Ohio were acclimated to either 'summer' conditions (25 C, 16 h light) or 'winter' conditions (2 C, 8 h light) and placed on moist moss. The frogs were cooled at 0.1 C/min in contact with a thermocouple. The temperature at which they froze (indicated by the presence of a freezing exotherm) is presented the 'Supercooling points' tab of the spreadsheet. To determine the minimum temperature survived by the frogs from each acclimation group, the frogs were cooled (again on moist moss at 0.1 C/min) to a range of different temperatures, where they were held for 6 h (N=25 frogs/treatment/temperature). They were rewarmed at 0.5 C/min to 4 C and their survival assessed after 24 h of recovery (data in the 'Survival' tab of the spreadsheet). Hint: Plot these survival data, but you don't need to perform any statistics. In addition, the urea, glucose, glycerol and glycogen (in liver only) concentrations were measured in blood and liver samples from six frogs from each acclimation, both when the frogs were unfrozen, and when they were frozen at -2.5 C for 6 h (N-6 frogs/acclimation/treatment). These data are in the 'Cryoprotectants' tab. Note that Glycogen is a large, variable, branched molecule made up of glucose subunits, so it is measured in moles of glucose-equivalents. Hint: For the cryoprotectant dataset, you might want to plot means and standard deviations first, to look at the data; there are probably only a few changes that look biologically significant - these would be worth focusing on for statistics, too. 1) How do supercooling points, cold tolerance, and cryoprotectants differ between the acclimation groups (1-2 sentences)? 2) What is the physiological response to being frozen in these frogs (1-2 sentences)? 3) How does the response to freezing change with acclimation to winter conditions (1-2 sentences)?
Expert Answer:
Answer rating: 100% (QA)
1 The supercooling points cold tolerance and cryoprotectants differ between the acclimation groups F... View the full answer
Related Book For
Posted Date:
Students also viewed these databases questions
-
Dollar General Corporation, headquartered in Goodlettsville, Tennessee, is an aggressive competitor in the deep discount retail industry, fighting for position with other stores such as Family...
-
I.INTRO A .Conservatives believe that by getting tough there will be a reduction in serious crime.The focus in this chapter is on unleashing the police B.There are two strategies to increase crime...
-
Consider the following (unoptimized) MIPS assembler program: 2 3 4 5 6 6 - 7 BA 8 0 9 10 10 .text .globl main #int procB (int a, int b) # { # # # # # # } int = 0; c = a + b return C; 44 11 procB: 12...
-
In the hydraulic pistons shown in the sketch, the small piston has a diameter of 2 cm. The large piston has a diameter of 6 cm. How much more force can the larger piston exert compared with the force...
-
Suppose you need to send one message to three different users: userl@example.com, user2@example.com, and user3@example.com. Is there any difference between sending one separate message per user and...
-
Define project management principles in the context of software development.
-
Bower Corporation reported the following information: common stock, $1 par; 50,000 shares authorized; 35,000 shares issued and outstanding. Required: 1. What is the appropriate journal entry to...
-
Baron Von's Munch House offers an equal number of soups and salads, along with 7 types of sandwiches. He advertises 253 possible pairings of his You-Pick-2 special (where customers pick any two...
-
Table contains information about an environmental cleanup project. Shorten the project three weeks by finding the minimum cost schedule. Assume that project indirect costs and penalty costs are...
-
Rank the following in order of decreasing boiling point: C2H6 CH4 02
-
Why is multi-stage compression required? Write advantages of the multi-staging compression.
-
Enumerate the various components used in a refrigerator and explain their working.
-
Derive the expression for heat flow in steady state conduction without heat generation using Fourier Law.
-
What are the different bases for classification of an internal combustion engine? Explain with a neat sketch of various types of the engines.
-
Write advantages and disadvantages of air refrigeration cycle.
-
In the image above, both test tubes contain a buffer solution and DPIP. one of these test tubes contains chloroplasts and the other does not. they were both exposed to light. which test tube contains...
-
For liquid water the isothermal compressibility is given by; where r and b are functions of temperature only. If 1 kg of water is compressed isothermally and reversibly from I to 500 bar at 60(C. how...
-
The reaction A + B 2C takes place in an unsteady CSTR. The feed is only A and B in equimolar proportions. Which of the following sets of equations gives the correct set of mole balances on A, B, and...
-
As the final edits to the Sixth Edition were being made, the coronavirus pandemic struck and it was decided to expand Problem P9-7 and apply it to the pandemic. (Mayur Tikmani, Devosmita Sen, Manjeet...
-
Which of the following approaches is used to study management? Art Process Science Profession
-
Management is Ongoing process Social process Integrated process All the above
-
Which is the correct order for the process of management? Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling Planning, organizing, directing, staffing, and controlling Planning,...
Study smarter with the SolutionInn App