Participant ID	Meditate	Pet Ownership	Sleep	Cortisol Level	HR Variability
1	Yes	Dog	11	15	83
2	No	No Pet	9	23	92
3	No	Dog	8	16	60
4	Yes	Other	9	11	48
5	No	Dog	4	15	74
6	No	Dog	11	10	50
7	No	No Pet	8	14	53
8	No	No Pet	10	13	75
9	Yes	Dog	7	17	81
10	No	Dog	6	14	64
11	No	Other	4	20	68
12	Yes	No Pet	1	21	53
13	No	Other	11	17	78
14	Yes	No Pet	4	12	61
15	Yes	Dog	12	16	81
16	No	Dog	8	13	54
17	Yes	No Pet	12	19	73
18	No	No Pet	11	21	77
19	No	Other	5	20	78
20	No	Dog	12	13	77
21	Yes	Other	4	14	89
22	Yes	Dog	6	18	45
23	Yes	Dog	9	19	79
24	No	Other	4	13	77
25	Yes	Dog	5	12	55
26	No	Dog	10	10	77
27	Yes	Dog	5	20	84
28	Yes	Dog	12	15	66
29	Yes	No Pet	5	18	96
30	No	Dog	3	16	73
31	No	No Pet	7	15	94
32	Yes	No Pet	8	19	65
33	No	Dog	3	21	63
34	Yes	Dog	5	18	58
35	No	Dog	5	18	92
36	No	Dog	8	13	67
37	No	Dog	10	18	63
38	Yes	No Pet	12	10	70
39	No	Dog	10	13	55
40	No	No Pet	9	15	76
41	No	Dog	9	13	74
42	Yes	Other	5	17	86
43	No	Dog	8	19	85
44	No	No Pet	8	13	98
45	No	No Pet	7	16	47
46	Yes	Other	12	14	83
47	No	Other	11	13	78
48	No	Cat	8	15	68
49	Yes	Other	4	10	48
50	No	Dog	3	11	94
51	No	Other	9	12	90
52	Yes	No Pet	11	12	73
53	Yes	Other	10	23	77
54	No	No Pet	5	19	56
55	No	No Pet	12	20	99
56	No	Other	9	17	62
57	No	Cat	5	14	82
58	No	No Pet	12	23	72
59	No	Dog	9	15	59
60	Yes	Cat	5	10	67
61	Yes	Cat	7	15	51
62	No	Other	6	15	48
63	No	Other	5	18	63
64	No	Cat	8	16	85
65	Yes	No Pet	12	12	70
66	No	Other	6	12	99
67	No	Dog	12	23	82
68	Yes	Other	8	19	87
69	Yes	No Pet	6	20	49
70	Yes	Other	4	7	51
71	Yes	No Pet	9	14	45
72	No	Dog	4	23	99
73	No	Dog	5	15	40
74	No	Cat	9	15	89
75	No	Cat	9	9	52
76	No	No Pet	12	18	82
77	No	No Pet	4	8	53
78	No	Other	5	12	71
79	Yes	Other	10	10	83
80	No	Other	4	18	77

Using the data above I'll like you to answer the following

Assignment Learning Outcomes

1. Identify variables appropriate for different hypothesis tests
2. Make a research question or hypothesis that can be answered/tested using a particular hypothesis test and variables
3. Conduct hypothesis tests using jamovi
4. Draw conclusions about research questions/hypotheses from the results of hypothesis tests

Instructions:

Import the data in Assignment 2 data.csv into jamovi to do the assignment. This dataset includes data collected from 80 emerging adults who (20-29 years of age) were interested in improving their health and well-being, through a mindfulness intervention. Information was collected from these participants regarding various factors related to health and well-being, including:

• Meditate. Did they meditate between/outside of sessions; either "yes/meditated" or "no/did not meditate".
• Pet Ownership.What kind of pet do they own; "Cat," "Dog," "Other," or "No pets"
• Sleep.How much sleep they typically get per night, measured in number of hours
• Cortisol level.Cortisol levels at 8am, the morning after a mindfulness session, measured in micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dl) (note in the general population of emerging adults, average cortisol levels at 8am is = 14 mcg/dl)
• HR variability.Heart rate variability (note in the general population of emerging adults average HR variability is, = 75 milliseconds)

Below you will find four (4) questions to answer for the assignment. For each question you will need to:

• Find variables within the dataset that are appropriate for the specified hypothesis test.
• Make a research question or hypothesis that can be answered/tested for the selected variables using the specified hypothesis test.
• State the null and alternative hypotheses for the specified hypothesis test.
• Run the necessary hypothesis test in jamovi (including any necessary assumption tests; note for the purposes of this assignment simply note any violations to assumptions you may identify but proceed with the analysis).
• Make a decision about the null hypothesis using = .01.
• Write a detailed conclusion relating the result of each hypothesis test back to the research question or hypothesis using the appropriate format as modelled in class
• Answer any additional question that is asked of you (where applicable)

Question 1: One-sample t-test [12 marks]

a) Select variable(s) that are appropriate for use in a one-sample t-test from the dataset. Briefly explain why this/these variable(s) are appropriate for a one-sample t-test. (2 marks)

b) State a research question or hypothesis that can be answered/tested for the variable(s) you chose using a one-sample t-test. (1 mark)

c) State the null and alternative hypotheses for this hypothesis test. (1 mark)

d) Run the analysis in jamovi to answer your research question/test your hypothesis. Be sure to include a test of any assumptions that may be necessary as well as a statement as to whether the assumption(s) were met, and the evidence used to make this decision (proceed with your analysis even if assumptions are violated). Include the complete output of your analysis in your response. (3 marks)

e) Make a decision about the null hypothesis and briefly explain the evidence used to make this decision. (2 marks).

f) Write a conclusion of your analysis that relates the results of your analysis back to the research question or hypothesis you stated using the conclusion write-up format taught in class. (2 marks)

g) Based on your conclusion, is this sample representative of the general population of emerging adults (with the respect to the particular variable you analyzed)? Why or why not? (1 mark)

Question 2: Chi-square goodness of fit test [10 marks]

a) Select variable(s) appropriate for use in a chi-square goodness of fit test from the dataset. Briefly explain why this/these variable(s) are appropriate for a chi-square goodness of fit test. (2 marks)

b) State a research question or hypothesis that can be answered/tested for the variable(s) you chose using a chi-square goodness of fit test. (1 mark)

c) State the null and alternative hypotheses for this hypothesis test. (1 mark)

d) Run the analysis in jamovi to answer your research question or test your hypothesis. Be sure to include a test of any assumptions if necessary as well as a statement as to whether the assumption(s) were met (proceed with your analysis even if assumptions are violated). Include the full output of your analysis in your response. (2 marks)

e) Make a decision about the null hypothesis and briefly explain the evidence used to make this decision (1 mark).

f) Write a conclusion of your analysis that relates the results of your analysis back to the research question or hypothesis you stated using the conclusion write-up format taught in class. (2 marks)

g) If you found a significant preference or difference from what was expected in your analysis, use the results to describe or estimate which category (or categories) is responsible for the preference or difference from what was expected that you identified. Include the descriptive evidence you used to come to this answer. If you did not find a significant preference or difference from what was expected in your analysis, please just state "no significant preference or difference was found" (1 mark)

Question 3: Chi-square test for independence [10 marks]

a) Select variable(s) appropriate for use in a chi-square test for independence from the dataset. Briefly explain why this/these variable(s) are appropriate for a chi-square test for independence. (2 marks)

b) State a research question or hypothesis that can be answered/tested for the variable(s) you chose using a chi-square test for independence. (1 mark)

c) State the null and alternative hypotheses for this hypothesis test. (1 mark)

d) Run the analysis in jamovi to answer your research question or test your hypothesis. Be sure to include a test of any assumptions if necessary as well as a statement as to whether the assumption(s) were met (proceed with your analysis even if assumptions are violated). Include the complete output of your analysis in your response. (2 marks)

e) Make a decision about the null hypothesis and briefly explain the evidence used to make this decision (1 mark).

f) Write a conclusion of your analysis that relates the results of your analysis back to the research question or hypothesis you stated using the conclusion write-up format taught in class. (2 marks)

g) If you found a significant preference or difference from what was expected in your analysis, use the results to describe or estimate which category (or categories) is responsible for the preference or difference from what was expected that you identified. Include the descriptive evidence you used to come to this answer. If you did not find a significant preference or difference from what was expected in your analysis, please just state "no significant preference or difference was found" (1 mark)

Question 4: Pearson correlation [9 marks]

a) Select variable(s) appropriate for use in a Pearson correlation analysis from the dataset. Briefly explain why this/these variable(s) are appropriate for a Pearson correlation. (2 marks)

b) State a research question or hypothesis that can be answered/tested for the variable(s) you chose using a Pearson correlation. (1 mark)

c) State the null and alternative hypotheses for this hypothesis test. (1 mark)

d) Run the analysis in jamovi to answer your research question or test your hypothesis. Be sure to include a test of any assumptions if necessary as well as a statement as to whether the assumption(s) were met (proceed with your analysis even if assumptions are violated). Include the complete output of your analysis in your response. (2 marks)

e) Make a decision about the null hypothesis and briefly explain the evidence used to make this decision (1 mark).

f) Write a conclusion of your analysis that relates the results of your analysis back to the research question or hypothesis you stated using the conclusion write-up format taught in class. (2 marks)