Please answer all : 1 - 10

SECTION B Questions 8 to 15 are based on the following passage. 1 Millennials have given a whole new spin to the phrase 'taking selfies'. A number of attention-seeking youths have revealed themselves to be avid risk-takers by making this activity a dangerous fad. These young people upload pictures or videos of themselves in precarious positions to Instagram, YouTube or other social media platforms. Fame is the catalyst that feeds their thirst to scale tall buildings and to jump, climb and roll across structures spanning dizzying heights. It has become the new non- competitive extreme sport that requires a mixture of acrobatics and athletics. However, the latest spate of tragedies highlights the serious risks involved in this daredevil pursuit. 2 The current trend may be seen as an extension of buildering, which in itself is not new. 'Buildering' is the term given to climbing on the outside of buildings and other tall structures. It is often done illegally and without the aid of ropes or other supporting equipment. One of the first people to document their buildering exploits was Geoffrey Winthrop Young, a British rock climber. In 1859 he started to climb the roofs of Cambridge University. He later wrote A Roof-Climber's Guide to Trinity, which parodied mountaineering guidebooks. In the early 1900s, the buildering craze reached America, particularly in New York City, where many skyscrapers now featured against the skyline. During these years, several daredevils fell to their deaths, and the practice was banned by the city authorities in 1920. 3 Perhaps the most famous builderer is Frenchman Alain Robert. He has climbed many famous landmarks and has also been arrested for doing so many times in various countries. In 1997 he attempted to climb the Petronas Twin Towers but was apprehended by police upon reaching the 60th floor of the 88-storey building. He repeated the attempt in 2007, again reaching the 60th floor before getting arrested. In 2009 Robert made his third attempt, and this time succeeded in reaching the top, where he unfurled the Malaysian flag. He was arrested on his way down. Not all of Robert's building-climbing feats were illegal acts. In 2011 he was granted permission to climb the world's tallest building, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. In this instance, he wore a harness to comply with safety requirements. Robert took over six hours to ascend the 828-metre building 4 While some people may look upon the exploits of Alain Robert with admiration, the subculture of 'roofing', that is taking a photo or video of oneself in a high-risk pose, such as on the ledge of a high-rise building, is concerning. The number of selfie-related fatalities in Russia has prompted Russian police to launch a 'Safe Selfie' campaign, with the tagline: 'even a million likes on social media are not worth your life'. The practice of taking such selfies has been criticized for being narcissistic and dangerous. The deaths that have occurred were unnecessary, and social media sites hosting these brazen acts need to address the fact that the practitioners of such extreme sports, whether it is called buildering, urban climbing or roofing, are risking injury or death for the sake of perceived popularity. 1 In paragraph 1, the writer indicates that millennials are finding novel ways to use technology B youths are going to dangerous lengths to get attention social media is responsible for risky behaviour in youths D young people are being encouraged to participate in extreme sports 2 The word fad (line 3) means A cult B trend whim D standard 3 Buildering became popular in New York City because it was a banned activity B it was encouraged by the authorities people were inspired by climbing guidebooks D there were many tall buildings in New York City 4 The purpose of paragraph 2 is to A outline the dangers of buildering B describe the origins of buildering list the different types of buildering D suggests reasons why people take up buildering 5 The following are true of Alain Robert except A he comes from France B he climbed the Burj Khalifa in Dubai without any safety equipment his antics have landed him in trouble with authorities all over the world D he succeeded in climbing the Petronas Twin Towers on his third attempt 6 According for paragraph 4, 'roofing' involves A posing for narcissistic photos B taking photos of high-rise buildings recording oneself in precarious positions D climbing up the side of high-rise buildings 7 What prompted Russian police to launch a 'Safe Selfie' campaign? A A spate of tragedies B Pressure from the public A plea from building owners D Controversy from social media 8 In the last paragraph, the author A denounces extreme sports B criticizes the practice of roofing admires the bravery of urban climbers D urges practitioners of extreme sports to be more careful 9 The word harness (line 11) means A draught animal B a set of straps and fittings natural resources D machine 10 According to paragraph 2, 'buildering' involves A trekking B climbing on the outside of buildings C using ropes and other supporting equipments D 'roofing