please answer these 4 parts without any plagiarism

part1: Explain one method for Deadlock avoidance and one method for Deadlock detection?

part2:Suppose there are four different users and four relations with the following security classifications:

Database Users: Noura (Top Secret), Sara (Secret), Ahmed (Confidential), and Omar (Unclassified).

Database Relations: R1 (Top Secret), R2 (Secret), R3 (Confidential), and R4 (Unclassified).

By considering the Bell-LaPadula model properties answer the following:

a- Create a simple table showing each user and his\her ability to (1) read and write; (2) write only; or (3) read only each relation.

b- Which user can read all relations? Justify your answer.

c- Which user can write all relations? Justify your answer.

part3: Why is Data Fragmentation Necessary in Database Systems?

1. Discuss the Trade-offs associated with Data Fragmentation.
2. Provide an example of scenarios where Horizontal Data Fragmentation is preferred.

part4:What are the before image (BFIM) and after image (AFIM) of a data item?

How does DBMS handle BFIM and AFIM in shadow paging?