please explain the code what does it do.

/* front.c - a lexical analyzer system for simple arithmetic expressions */ #include #include /* Global declarations */ /* Variables */ int charClass; char lexeme [100]; char nextChar; int lexLen; int token; int nextToken; FILE *in_fp, *fopen(); /* Function declarations */ void addChar(); void getChar(); void getNonBlank(); int lex(); /* Character classes */ #define LETTER 0 #define DIGIT 1 #define UNKNOWN 99 /* Token codes */ #define INT_LIT 10 #define IDENT 11 #define ASSIGN_OP 20 #define ADD_OP 21 #define SUB_OP 22 #define MULT_OP 23 #define DIV_OP 24 #define LEFT_PAREN 25 #define RIGHT_PAREN 26 /******************************************************/ /* main driver */ main() { /* Open the input data file and process its contents */ if ((in_fp = fopen("front.in", "r")) == NULL) printf("ERROR - cannot open front.in "); else { getChar(); do { lex(); } while (nextToken != EOF); } } /*****************************************************/ /* lookup - a function to lookup operators and parentheses and return the token */ int lookup(char ch) { switch (ch) { case '(': addChar(); nextToken = LEFT_PAREN; break; case ')': addChar(); nextToken = RIGHT_PAREN; break; case '+': addChar(); nextToken = ADD_OP; break; case '-': addChar(); nextToken = SUB_OP; break; case '*': addChar(); nextToken = MULT_OP; break; case '/': addChar(); nextToken = DIV_OP; break; default: addChar(); nextToken = EOF; break; } return nextToken; } /*****************************************************/ /* addChar - a function to add nextChar to lexeme */ void addChar() { if (lexLen <= 98) { lexeme[lexLen++] = nextChar; lexeme[lexLen] = 0; } else printf("Error - lexeme is too long "); } /*****************************************************/ /* getChar - a function to get the next character of input and determine its character class */ void getChar() { if ((nextChar = getc(in_fp)) != EOF) { if (isalpha(nextChar)) charClass = LETTER; else if (isdigit(nextChar)) charClass = DIGIT; else charClass = UNKNOWN; } else charClass = EOF; } /*****************************************************/ /* getNonBlank - a function to call getChar until it returns a non-whitespace character */ void getNonBlank() { while (isspace(nextChar)) getChar(); } / *****************************************************/ /* lex - a simple lexical analyzer for arithmetic expressions */ int lex() { lexLen = 0; getNonBlank(); switch (charClass) { /* Parse identifiers */ case LETTER: addChar(); getChar(); while (charClass == LETTER || charClass == DIGIT) { addChar(); getChar(); } nextToken = IDENT; break; /* Parse integer literals */ case DIGIT: addChar(); getChar(); while (charClass == DIGIT) { addChar(); getChar(); } nextToken = INT_LIT; break; /* Parentheses and operators */ case UNKNOWN: lookup(nextChar); getChar(); break; /* EOF */ case EOF: nextToken = EOF; lexeme[0] = 'E'; lexeme[1] = 'O'; lexeme[2] = 'F'; lexeme[3] = 0; break; } /* End of switch */ printf("Next token is: %d, Next lexeme is %s ", nextToken, lexeme); return nextToken; } /* End of function lex */