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In a double-blind experiment designed to test the effectiveness of a new medication as a treatment for lower back pain, 1643 patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the 547 subjects in the placebo group were given pills containing no medication; (2) 550 subjects were in a group given pills with the new medication taken at regular intervals; (3) 546 subjects were in a group given pills with the new medication to be taken when needed for pain relief. What does it mean to say that the experiment was "double-blind"? Choose the correct answer below. O A. The subjects in the study were given the choice of taking the placebo or the new medication, but those who administered the pills did not know which group the subjects were in. O B. Both the subjects in the study and those who administered the pills knew whether they were taking a placebo or the new medication. O C. The subjects in the study did not know whether they were taking a placebo or the new medication, and those who administered the pills also did not know. O D. The subjects in the study did not know whether they were taking a placebo or the new medication, but those who administered the pills did know.Refer to the definition of simple random sample available below and its accompanying definition of random sample enclosed within parentheses. Determine whether each of the following is a simple random sample and a random sample. a. A statistics class with 36 students is arranged so that there are 6 rows with 6 students in each row, and the rows are numbered from 1 through 6. A die is rolled and a sample consists of all students in the row corresponding to the outcome of the die. b. For the same class described in part (a), the 36 student names are written on 36 individual index cards. The cards are shuffled and six names are drawn from the top. c. For the same class described in part (a), the six youngest students are selected. i Click the icon to view the definitions of simple random sample and random sample. a. This sample is not a simple random sample. It is a random sample. b. This sample is a simple random sample. It is a random sample. C. This sample a simple random sample. It a random sample.Identify the type of sampling used (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster sampling) in the situation described below. A woman is selected by a marketing company to participate in a paid focus group. The company says that the woman was selected because her name is among the first 200 in the phone number listings. Which type of sampling did the marketing company use? O Convenience sampling O Stratified sampling O Cluster sampling O Random sampling O Systematic sampling1.3.14 Question Help Identify which of these types of sampling is used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. A large company wants to administer a satisfaction survey to its current customers. Using their customer database, the company randomly selects 80 customers and asks them about their level of satisfaction with the company. What type of sampling is used? O Systematic O Cluster O Stratified O Random O Convenience1.3.29 Question Help Identify the type of observational study (cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective) described below. A research company uses a device to record the viewing habits of about 7500 households, and the data collected today will be used to determine the proportion of households tuned to a particular educational program. Which type of observational study is described in the problem statement? O A cross-sectional study O A prospective study O A retrospective studyIdentify the type of sampling used (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster sampling) in the situation described below. A man experienced a tax audit. The tax department claimed that the man was audited because his name is among the first 350 names on the taxpayer list. Which type of sampling did the tax department use? O Convenience sampling O Cluster sampling O Stratified sampling O Systematic sampling O Random samplingIdentify which type of sampling is used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. A newspaper asks its readers to call in their opinion regarding their taste in reading. Which type of sampling is used? O A. Stratified O B. Cluster O C. Systematic O D. Random O E. ConvenienceIdentify the type of sampling used (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster sampling) in the situation described below. In a poll conducted by a certain research center, 983 adults were called after their telephone numbers were randomly generated by a computer, and 92% were able to correctly identify the vice president. Which type of sampling did the research center use? O Systematic sampling O Convenience sampling O Stratified sampling O Cluster sampling O Random samplingIdentify which type of sampling is used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. To determine customer opinion of their pricing, Home Depot randomly selects 120 check out lines during a certain week and surveys all customers in the check out lines. Which type of sampling is used? O A. Convenience O B. Stratified O C. Random O D. Cluster O E. Systematic1.3.16 Question Help Identify the type of sampling used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. To estimate the percentage of defects in a recent manufacturing batch, a quality control manager at Ford selects every 16th truck that comes off the assembly line starting with the sixth until she obtains a sample of 130 trucks. Which type of sampling is used? O A. Stratified O B. Cluster O C. Convenience O D. Systematic OB RandomIdentify the type of observational study. A researcher plans to obtain data by interviewing spouses of victims who perished in a tornado. He will interview them, and people unrelated to the victims, over the next 10 years to see how closeness to a traumatic event might affect recovery time. Choose the correct type of observational study below. O A. prospective O B. retrospective O C. cross-sectionalWhich sampling method subdivides the population into categories sharing similar characteristics and then selects a sample from each subdivision? Choose the correct answer below. O Cluster O Systematic O Stratified O ConvenienceIdentify which of these types of sampling is used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster, To determine her breathing rate, Miranda divides up her day into three parts: morning, afternoon, and evening. She then measures her breathing rate at 3 randomly selected times during each part of the day. What type of sampling is used? O Random O Convenience O Stratified O Cluster O Systematic1.3.24 Question Help Determine whether the study is an experiment or an observational study, and then identify a major problem with the study. A medical researcher tested for a difference in systolic blood pressure levels between male and female students who are 12 years of age. She randomly selected four males and four females for her study. This is an observational study because the researcher does not attempt to modify the individuals. What is a major problem with the study? O A. This is a convenience sample with voluntary response, which has a high chance of leading to bias. O B. The sample is too small. O C. The sample includes male and female students. O D. There is no blinding, which has a high chance of leading to bias.1.3.6 Question Help Determine whether the description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. Research is conducted to determine if there is a relation between Parkinson's disease and childhood head trauma. Does the description correspond to an observational study or an experiment? O Experiment O Observational study1.3.RA-1 I Question Help Which sampling method divides the population up into sections, randomly selects some of those sections, then chooses all the members from the selected sections to study? Choose the correct answer below. O Cluster O Convenience O Stratified O SystematicDetermine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. In a study of 428 children with a particular disease, the subjects were injected with vitamins to determine if the vitamins have an effect on the disease. Does the given description correspond to an observational study or an experiment? O A. The given description corresponds to an observational study. O B. The given description corresponds to an experiment. O C. The given description does not provide enough information to answer this