please help asap!!

notes provided

Lobbying is a basic constitutional right found in the 1st Amendment. Thousands of interest groups lobby in Washington and in Sacramento every single day. These groups are all pursuing government decisions in their interest or for purposes they deem to be noble and worthwhile. Donald Trump campaigned in 2016 and again in 2020 calling these groups and their lobbyists out as the "swamp." Why is the interest group system so unpopular with the American people? Be specific LIMITING THE MISCHIEFS OF FACTION (IMPACT) Influence of money in campaigns is debatable What would Madison think? Checking the power interest groups Importance of disclosure - FUNDING CAMPAIGNS Mobilizing employees and members Persuading members how to vote Other modes of electioneering Soft money Issue ads Campaigning through other groups Issue advocacy Unions, corporations, ideological groups THE MISCHIEFS OF FACTION Factions are groups pursuing self-interest at the expense of the national interest Founders designed government to limit factions Pluralism Separation of powers Checks and balances Bicameralism Federalism FUNDING Independent expenditures Independent of party or candidate Unlimited Subject to disclosure requirements Super PACS Citizens United K. FEC (2010) HELPING THOSE THEY REPRESENT How interest groups influence elected officials Campaign contributions Volunteers for campaign activity - Information Political versus substantive COHESIVENESS AND LEADERSHIP Formal leaders Actively involved members Members in name only Planned Parenthood Tricky when group is diverse SIZE AND RESOURCES Size matters Membership benefits So does spread Concentration versus dispersal Resources matter, too Money Volunteers Expertise Reputation - WHO ARE THE LOBBYISTS? Techniques for Exerting Influence Publicity, mass, media, and the Internet Mass mailing/emailing - Direct contact with government "Notice and comments period" Litigation Civil rights Amicus curice briefs . Council on Foreign Relations Israel-Arab relations subject of many groups FOREIGN POLICY INTEREST GROUPS Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Red Cross Save the Children INTEREST GROUP STRENGTH First Amendment Right! - Petition for redress of grievances and assembly Our political culture is more individualistic. Our government is more decentralized (spread out). In the U.S., interest groups are much more numerous and more powerful than in other democracies, where political parties are more powerful People form groups because of common interests ATTRACTING MEMBERS Three types of incentives to join groups Material Solidary Purposive SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Interest groups often begin as social movements Examples include civil rights, environmental causes, Tea Party Bill of Rights protects social movements Business Large corporations National Federation of Independent Businesses ECONOMIC INTEREST GROUPS Trade and Other Associations Chamber of Commerce National Association of Manufacturers ECONOMIC INTEREST GROUPS Labor Unions represent 13 percent of U.S. workforce Open shop versus closed shop Free rider problem Allied with Democratic Party Opposed to free-trade deals le 8 Lecture - Shared screen with speaker view Professional Associations - American Medical Association American Bar Association ECONOMIC INTEREST GROUPS Claim to represent public interest Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs) Ralph Nader Environmental and consumer protection . . From social movements of the 1960s Common Cause