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The case study is also included for context

Paper:

In considering the dynamics of piracy, one must explore its potential in both democratic and totalitarian regimes. Additionally, the prospect of a symbiotic relationship between developers and consumers that undermines privacy's profitability warrants examination. As a struggling individual in an impoverished nation, the quest for improving one's quality of life presents a daunting challenge amidst economic hardship.

In close comparison between a totalitarian and democracy, I believe piracy would thrive more in a democracy state of control, rather than a totalitarian state. A democracy offers more freedom to access information and resources which ultimately makes piracy more accessible of occurrence. The democratic values also applaud individual rights and allow for a more permissive environment for piracy to start. In a democracy, there might be more technology-based individuals capable of bypassing digital rights measurements, making it easier to obtain pirated content. The more lenient democracy is, the more room for piracy to extend considering it is legal in democracies.

As I invasion a scenario I think of how developers could consider the cost, value-added services, and accessibility to counter the profitability of piracy. Making authorized copies more appealing to individual consumers. Customization of choices, cooperative development methods, and educational initiatives can increase the engagement of consumers and promote respect to intellectual property laws. To effectively start the prevention of piracy, governments need to establish a strict legal framework. Developers might encourage innovation and confidence in users while minimizing the appeal of piracy. They do this by providing easily accessible and enhanced experiences. By partnering with developers, customers, and government agencies they can aim to establish an environment that makes piracy less profitable which will protect intellectual property rights lawful, long-lasting way.

A IPR or intellectual property right is having to right to make, sell or market certain products or services. With this in mind, there are organizations who will duplicate a company's intellectual property and sell it as a knockoff. This is not only misleading to customers who purchases these knockoffs, but it can also harm the businesses who makes the original products. With this in mind, it is crucial to protect organizations from these knockoffs, thus TRIPS - Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right - was made to protect a company's rights on intellectual property. Moreover, the reason to protect a company's IPR's is to promote innovation and prevent any unethical circumstances. In conclusion, the legality of IPR's is very high because it protects companies who manufacture these products, and it prevents customers purchasing these deceptive products.

For a poor individual in a developing country, the legality of IPRs can be a complex issue. There might be a perception that IPRs favor wealthy Western corporations over the needs of developing nations. The perception could be that these corporations prioritize profit over people's well-being, especially in developing countries. This can breed resentment and a feeling of justification for piracy. Piracy of locally produced content might be seen as a way to support domestic creators without enriching foreign corporations. It's important to remember that piracy is a complex issue with economic, social, and political dimensions.

Case:

CASE It's a Knockoff World the latter provides cheap, easily accessible marketing plat- forms and distribution channels. The costs of counterfelt IP, Worldwide, companies are plagued by piracy-the illegal from lost sales, eroded consumer confidence, diminished imitation, copying, or counterfeiting of their Intellectual brand reputation, lower tax revenue, and higher enforcement property. It's a tense Issue given that it cuts to Issues of expenses, is staggering. The International Anti-Counterfelting history, culture, politics, Income, development, innovation, Coalition (ACC) estimates that international trade in illegitim competitiveness, and prosperity. Making matters worse is mate goods runs $1.77 trillion-approximately 10 percent of that pirates, bealdes being everywhere, come In every form: world merchandise trade. To top it off, piracy has grown more individuals making copies at work, imitators laboring In than 10,000 percent in the past three decades-It was a pal- dingy sweatshops, modern enterprises build to steal, deni- try $5.5 billion In 1982.107 zens of the dark web dealing In the shadows, and hardened Microsoft's predicament in China highlights common criminals running global syndicates. problems. Copies of its Office and Windows programs are The problem is straightforward: Intellectual property peddled in market stalls for a few dollars, a fraction of their (IP), In the form of books, music, product designs, brand retail price. Rampant software piracy means Microsoft's names, process innovations, software, film, and the like, Is revenue in China Is a small fraction of its U.S. sales -oven tough to create but easy to copy. Moreover, notwithstand- though personal-computer sales are higher In China. Early Ing moral shortcomings, pirates do not lack initiative or on, Microsoft's total revenue In China, with its popula- Imagination. In our knockoff world, If It's being made, It's tion of 1.34 billion, was less than what It collected In the likely being faked. Fair game includes virtually everything- Netherlands, a country of 17 million.""This situation Is not from the humble aspirin to the flashy Ferrari. " And, for the unique to Microsoft; companies worldwide struggle with kicker, although knockoffs sell for a fraction of the price of similar challenges. the real thing, piracy is astoundingly profitable; gross mar- gins of 500 to 50,000 percent are common. 15 Counterfeit medicines are more profitable than heroin, copywatches Nothing Is Off-Limits may run a couple of bucks to make but sell for $40 In Many think piracy Is a problem for snobby brands. Beijing's Silk Market and $250 on Internet sites, and sales Certainly, pirates target high-end brands like Nike, North of high-and counterfeit software rival the return from Face, Hermes, Lipitor, Adidas, and Louis Vuitton. Then, cocaine trafficking. 10e they easily knock off Chloe ankle boots, Chanel Le Boy bags, Saint Laurent wallets, or c Ray-Ban shades. Luxury Big Opportunity, Big Money fakes, however, account for about 5 percent of the prob- lem. The remaining 95 percent include copies of everyday IP theft is big business. Globalization and the Internet feed products. Nothing is off-limits; "If It's making money over the perfect storm. The former moves much of the world's here in the U.S., it's going to be reverse-engineered or manufacturing to countries with poor IP protection, while made overseas,"109CHAPTER 3 The Political and Legal Environments Facing Business The pharmaceutical supply chain, for Instance, is a laws. Governments worldwide provide global services in pirate's paradise. Rampant counterfeiting threatens global public policy, business development, and consumer edu- health and safety: imitation medicines annually kill tens cation. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) of thousands. It's anyone's guess how much fake medi- fortifies IP treaties and spurs members to bolster antipiracy cine Is floating around the world. The Food and Drug programs. Likewise, the WTO applies the Trade-Related Administration estimates that counterfeits account for 10 Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) program percent of all drugs sold in the United States even though to regulate enforcement. It requires member nations to that country's drug supply chain is among the safest in the enforce IPRs according to global, not local, standards. world. Studies of anti-Infective treatments in Africa and A barrage of legal assaults, novel technologies, smarter Southeast Asia peg up to 70 percent as fake. 10 The United investigations, diplomatic efforts, industry Initiatives, con- Nations estimates that half of the anti-malarial drugs sold in sumer education, stronger IP policies, aggressive law Africa are counterfeits. Pfizer reports finding copies of best- enforcement, and concerted political, commercial, and selling drugs, such as Prevnar 13, Lipitor, and Lyrica, in the institutional action, one would think, should prove more legitimate supply chains in more than 40 countries. than enough. Then, to make things a bit more interesting, throw in the firepower of the global reach of vigilant MNEs, Waging a Multifront War high-profile legal proceedings, expanding government coordination, and tougher trade agreements. Such a shock- Companies, Industry associations, and governments use a and-awe campaign should devastate the pirates, right? battery of legal weapons to wage war on the pirates, An Surprise, surprise: Piracy steadily expands. enduring approach relies on dispatching squads of lawyers on search-and-destroy missions. Companies lawyer-up to lobby officials, monitor the web, prod Internet providers to "The Bandits Are Everywhere" take down copycat sites, and file injunctions against illegal The global cat-and-mouse game between MNEs and pirates, sellers. UGG Australia began enforcing its IP upon realizing far from winding down, escalates. Booming piracy in big, fast- the prevalence of counterfeit boots. It has shut down thou- growing emerging markets like China, India, and Nigeria spells sands of websites selling fake UGGs and blocked many big, fast-growing troubles. Inexorably, more and more people thousands more of illegal online listings. Liz Claiborne, enter the global market, many of whom, although poor, are owner of the Juicy Couture and Kate Spade brands, fights eager to consume the latest, greatest IP for the lowest posal- legions of websites selling counterfeits; it removed nearly ble price. Experts warn that this endless quest, shared among 30,000 auction listings of counterfeits in just a few months. billions worldwide, turbocharges piracy. Some companies prefer high-tech assault. One Crafty pirates quickly overcome IP defenses. They crack approach embeds radio frequency identification (RFID) licensing codes, duplicate holograms, falsity e-mail head- chips In the product packaging to allow precise tracking; ers, manipulate instant messenger apps, spam bots, deploy IBM, 3M, and Abbot Laboratories are pacesetters. Others botnets, and utilize crypto-currencies. Staying one step provide software programs that track products from facto- ahead of the IP police is a widespread competency, "Like les to consumers. In Ghana, mPedigree's product serial- drug trafficking, the counterfeiting problem is so massive Ization strategy lots consumers use their mobile phones to (that] you don't know how to get a handle on it. The bandits authenticate the product; buyers call in a code embossed are everywhere."1/1 Worrisomely, successful pirates evolve Inside the package to verify Its genuineness, "?' Eventually, from clever entrepreneurs to sophisticated global networks. some anticipate weaving microscopic markers and tags "When you are dealing with high-and counterfeits, you are Into a product's packaging and, eventually, its formulation. talking about organizations that have a full supply chain, a Governments, pressed by legitimate businesses and full distribution chain, a full set of manufacturing tools all watching tax revenues decline, devise aggressive protect In place and It is all based on profits."1 Lamented one tion programs. The European Union ranks IP theft as a high analyst, "Counterfeiting is like a balloon filled with water. priority. The United States elevated software piracy from a You push It on one side, but when you remove your hand, it misdemeanor to a felony and boosted enforcement efforts bounces back even stronger."115 by threatening to sanction notorious pirates with records of Piracy gets a huge boost from the increasing availabil "onerous and egregious" IPR violations (Including countries Ity of counterfeit goods through Internet channels, such such as China, Russia, Argentina, India, Thailand, Turkey, as P2P file-sharing sites, mail-order sites, auction sites, or and Ukraine). Likewise, its Federal Drug Administration has the dark web. Outgunned and outfoxed, some companies opened offices In China, India, South Africa, and Mexico, surrender. Foley & Corinna, a high-and handbag maker, among others, taking the fight to the front lines. Elsewhere, explained that as it saw more Internet fakes, It stopped rhetoric escalates. The U.S. Trade Representative, for looking altogether. "It's just too frustrating. You can try to do Instance, declared, "We must defend Ideas, inventions, and something, but It's so big and so fast."The Then again, there creativity from rip-off artists and thieves. "112 are those who see IP theft as the price of doing business. MNEs, officials, and trade associations lobby trans- Despite everyday piracy of his products in the Chinese mar- national Institutions to build stronger defenses. Industry ket, an executive reasoned that the profitability of his legal associations, like the LACO, spearhead efforts to toughen sales more than offset the losses due to counterfelts. 117Is Piracy Inevitable? north of 15 percent. Consequently, Microsoft's biggest rival is not another software company-It is counterfeiters. The pervasiveness of piracy, in the face of aggressive Right or wrong, the quest to live better lives on tight bud- lawyering, sophisticated tracking and tagging technolo gets pushes people to seek counterfeits, Many in collectivist gies, and tighter controls, poses profound questions for cultures rationalize that IP holders should honor society protecting IP. Some worry that different legal legacies and by abandoning their intrinsically selfish, profit-maximizing political ideologies among countries irresolvably complicate business models. Sharing knowledge to benefit all, not basic issues. The WTO's program, TRIPS, by standardizing protecting it for personal gain, Is the moral imperative. Others, codes and norms, should have settled troublesome issues. championing enterprising individuals pursuing fame and for- Still, cross-country variation in the basis of rule, as well as tune, counter that without protection, ultimately there will be cultural orientation in terms of individualism versus collect no IP to share or, for that matter, steal. In the meantime, an tivism, constrains Its impact. immense volume of IP is stolen everywhere and anywhere. Despite winning an occasional battle, some fear that Companies and countries, looking to sustain innovation and companies and countries have lost the war on piracy. Its prosperity, scramble for solutions. mind-boggling scale and scope indicate that consumers and businesses worldwide have few ethical qualms about making, buying, and using counterfeits. Take software, for QUESTIONS instance. Global software piracy, besides being prevalent, 3-3 Would you expect piracy to thrive in a democracy or, alterna- persists. Currently, the worldwide PC software piracy rate runs 37 percent. Put differently, of all the packaged soft- lively, a totalitarian state? Why? ware installed on PCs worldwide, 37 percent was obtained 3-4 Can you envision a scenario where developers and consum- illegally; the cost to companies was nearly $47 billion, up ers of IP develop a relationship that eliminates the profitability from losses of $28 billion in 2003. For many nations, such as of piracy? Armenia, Indonesia, Nigeria, Thailand, Ukraine, Venezuela, 3-6 Put yourself in the place of a poor individual in a poor country and Vietnam, software piracy rates run anywhere from 60 struggling to improve the quality of your life. What thoughts to 90 percent. Even the best-behaved nations, like Franco, might shape how you interpret the legality of IPAs? Would it Japan, and the United States, report software piracy rates matter if those IPAs were held by Western MNEs