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Any essential resource that is in shortest supply is known as the density-independent factor. Select one: True O False In the early stages of succession, a forest fire would severely damage the community of plants. Select one: True O False The equation | (natatity + immigration) | = [ (mortality + emigration) | +change in time is used to calculate a. change in population b. logarithmic growth rate c. growth rate d. exponential growth rate At the global level, the human population growth rate has been changing at a rapid speed. Estimates of World Population Growth Rates 1750 Population doubling every 100 years 1970 Population doubling y 34 years 1990 Population doubling every 40 years - from Luttwak, 1996 The rapidly growing human population is endangering populations of K-strategists while favouring the r-strategists. Example of K-strategists and r-strategists are, respectively, a. mosquitoes and woodpeckers b. cockroaches and dandelions c. elephants and spruce trees d. whales and houseflies In a population of birds being studied over a limited time period, 4 eggs hatch, 6 birds leave the area, 3 birds are eaten by cats, and 5 birds move into the area. What is the population change over the period of study? a. anincrease of 4 birds b. adecrease of 4 birds . the population size did not change d. adecrease of 2 birds In natural populations, exponential growth does not continue indefinitely because of limited amount(s) of which of the following? O a. space O b. ecological density O c. carrying capacity O d. per capita growth A major moose population survey was completed in 1993-94 to determine moose numbers, densities, and sex and age ratios. In Wildlife Management Area 6 (see diagram below), 46 Wildlife Management Units (WMUs) were surveyed by field biologists who counted the moose from airplanes as they circled over the WMU. The counts were done in winter so that the dark hide of the moose could be seen against the white snow. From the entire survey area, the moose population for Area 6 was estimated at 81 000 animals. This number was considered to be near what the habitat could support. However, moose numbers in a few WMUs were significantly below that capacity, and the number of bulls in relation to the number of cows (male bull : female cow ratio) was lower than desired. The optimum ratio that will produce the most offspring is considered to be 40 bulls to every 100 cows. In 1993-94, aerial counts of moose populations in Wildlife Management Unit 350 showed a density of 0.45 moose/km2 in the 5788 km2 area surveyed. What was the total population size (N)? O CA BI . B G E BBS US X X @ 6 :1 0 VC A factor limiting population growth that has a greater impact as the population density increases is said to be density independent. Select one: O True O False C.F.M. Synnerton, a naturalist in Zimbabwe, studied how eyespots on the wings of butterflies protected the butterflies form predation by sparrows. By moving its wings, the butterfly makes the eyespots resemble the eyes of an owl, a natural predator of the sparrows. The presence of the eyespots on the wing of the butterflies is an example of O a. competition O b. camouflage c. mutualism O d. mimicry The distinctive white stripe on a skunk is an example of camouflage as a defense mechanism. Select one: O True O False In Montana, farmers put a bounty on wolves, paying cash for every wolf killed. Soon after, their crops were attacked by herds of starving deer. Their best solution to this problem would be to a. put food out for the deer so the crops will not be eaten. b. introduce mountain lions to keep the deer population in check. c. puta bounty on deer to reduce their numbers. d. import wolves from another region to re-establish the predator-prey balance. Monarch butterflies lay their eggs om the eaves of milkweed plants. When the eggs hatch, the larvae that emerge feed on the leaves, which ane rich in cardiac glycosices 'As larvae eat the leaves, these chemicals are incorporated into their tissues and remain there through pupation and into the adult stage. In many animals, these chemicals activate a nerve centre that induces vomiting. Preeators quickly lear to avoid che brightly striped caterpillar and stunning black and orange butterfly. This affords protection to larvae and adults, 'The viceroy butterfly closely resembles the | monarch butterfly in shape and coleranion. Its life cycie does mot inchade the mitkwesd plant; thus, itis safe for animals to cat. from Posilethwait, 1992 To reduce predation, the timing of the viceroy's emergence from its cocoon should be a. before that of the monarch, to ensure that the predator's search pattern avoids them b. simultaneous with that of the monarch, to allow the predators to learn both patterns c. after that of the monarch, to allow predators to learn the warning signs d. simultaneous with that of the monarch, to ensure saturation of the food supply On an isolated island, the two determinants of population dynamics are The human population of Alberta is concentrated around a few urban centers. This dispersal pattern is known as random dispersion. Select one: O True O False In one episode of a television series (Simpsons!), a pet frog is accidentally released in Australia. As the show ends, the frog and its young are spreading across the country, destroying the local environment. In this context, the frog is known as a/an parasite climax organism c. predator Od. exotic species Which of the following statements concerning secondary succession is correct? a. Secondary succession depends climax communities. b. Secondary succession depends on lichens, which help build the soil. . Secondary succession occurs where no community existed previously. d. Secondary succession follows a partial or complete destruction of an existing community. In one episode of a television series (Simpsons!), a pet frog is accidentally released in Australia. As the show ends, the frog and its young are spreading across the country, destroying the local environment. In this context, the frog is known as a/an parasite O b. climax organism Oc. predator oO a exotic species Which of the following statements concerning secondary succession is correct? a. Secondary succession depends climax communities. b. Secondary succession depends on lichens, which help build the soil. Secondary succession occurs where no community existed previously. Secondary succession follows a partial or complete destruction of an existing community. In the Rocky Mountains, male Dall sheep butt heads, competing for a female during breeding season. This is known as O a. intraspecific competition O b. interspecific competition O c. survival of the fittest O d. competitive exclusion A population of groundhogs in a meadow is increasing in size. During the year, the initial population of 100 animals had 45 births and 40 deaths. The growth rate is closest to which of the following? 1.05 0.95, 5 groundhogs per year 45 groundhogs per year A lumber company produces advertisements in which they list the advantages of clear-cutting of forests. Explain two points that the company would consider to be advantages of the method. Ay BI w# usx%xX ORB EEESBE O ap Which natural disturbance would most likely initiate primary succession in an area? O a. Grasslands burned by a lightning strike O b. An entire forest destroyed by disease Oc. Land exposed after a glacier melts O d. Natural vegetation removed by a flood A major moose population survey was completed in 1993-94 to determine moose numbers, densities, and sex and age ratios. In Wildlife Management Area 6 (see diagram below), 46 Wildlife Management Units (WMUs) were surveyed by field biologists who counted the moose from airplanes as they circled over the WMU. The counts were done in winter so that the dark hide of the moose could be seen against the white snow. From the entire survey area, the moose population for Area 6 was estimated at 81 000 animals. This number was considered to be near what the habitat could support. However, moose numbers in a few WMUs were significantly below that capacity, and the number of bulls in relation to the number of cows (bull : cow ratio) was lower than desired. The optimum ratio that will produce the most offspring is considered to be 40 bulls to every 100 cows. You will be provided with data regarding moose population counts in an area named \"Wildlife Management Unit 350\" found in Wildlife Management Area 6 Moose Management Area 6, WMU 350 In 1993-94, aerial counts of moose populations in Wildlife Management Unit 350 showed a density of 0.45 moose/km?2 in the 5788 km?2 area surveyed Another population count of Moose Management Area 6, WMU 350 occurred in 1997-98.This time, the population size was estimated at 3204 moose Compare the two population sizes from the two counts of WMU 350 and determine the following variables. Show your work. One mark will be given for the correct formula, another mark for the correct answer. AN: Growth rate: Per capita growth rate: 2 C Ay BI #v uUSsX%xX ORB EBB

The HbC allele mutation, which provides some protection from malaria O a. shows the importance of genetic drift in a population. O b. happened because malaria is a harmful disease. O c. will replace the HbS allele, in all humans with malaria. O d. happened by chance. The allele responsible for sickle-cell anemia is common in the Chicago area of the United States. without medical intervention, what should happen to the frequency of this allele over time? O a. It should increase, in case malaria becomes more common in the U.S. O b. It should stay the same, because allele frequencies remain constant. O c. It should decrease because the allele is harmful. O d. It should stay constant to provide protection against malaria in the future. Suppose a population of lemmings has a dominant gene for white tooth enamel, while the recessive trait was a yellow tooth enamel. If 23 lemmings in a population of 325 have the recessive trait, What is the phenotype frequency of the population with white tooth enamel? O a. 0.07 0.53 O c. 0.93 O d. 0.27 In a sampled human population, the allele that gives a person the ability to roll their tongue into a "U" shape was found to occur with a frequency of 0.70. In this case, the frequency of the other allele must also be 0.70. Select one: O True O False A lethal homozygous dominant allele has suddenly appeared in a lab population of fruit flies. The frequency of this allele would be expected to becauseThe total genetic make-up of the individuals form that population's In a population of mice having two alleles for colour, it was found that the dominant allele had a frequency of 0.75 in the 100 mice studied. It can be determined from this that the frequency of the recessive allele was A beneficial mutation occurring in an individual O a. will immediately become more common due to genetic drift. O b. may gradually become more common due to selection. O c. will be passed on to all of the offspring of that organism. O d. will spread to other members of the population. In Alberta, alpine tundra butterflies live in isolated populations high on the tops of mountains. The table below shows the population sizes of five different populations of one species of butterfly over one summer. Population Locality Numbers of Individuals 530 768 237 2421 1985 611048 Predict which population is likely to have the smallest gene pool. Provide one reason for your choice. G AY B I E DE U S X1 X' PA I C > Define the Hardy-Weinberg Principle, and explain how it contributes to the theory of genetic change in populations. G AY B I 2 E E U S X X' PA C > 2Regardless of the definition of "race" as it applies to humans, it has been suggested that over a period of time human "races" will disappear. Provide a genetic explanation for this prediction. G C I E E E U S X X' C > The term genetic drift is defined as of which of the following? O a. any random change in gene or allele frequencies in a small population O b. any change in gene or allele frequencies in a population O c. the movement of alleles from one population to another O d. a rapid population decrease In a population of 100 moths, 64 of which are homozygous for dark wings and 32 of which are heterozygous. a) What percentage of the moths have dark wings? b) What is the frequency of the allele for dark wings? G C A B I E E E U S X X' C > In Canada, the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis occurs in 4/10 000 persons. Use the Hardy-Weinberg Principle to calculate the frequency of the cystic fibrosis allele. G C A Y B I E LE U S X X' C >Mountain sheep populations in some parts of Alberta are under pressure from hunting, logging or mining. It might be helpful to wildlife managers to know if these pressures are affecting the genetic makeup of the mountain sheep populations These sheep tend to live in well defined areas with little migration from one area to another. For most of the year, the sheep live in male or female herds with no interaction between the two genders. In the fall, male herds disperse and the males compete for control of the female herds. A successful male sheep has exclusive mating rights to all the females in his herd, although on occasion, other males are able to mate. A strong male may dominate a herd of females for a number of years, or he may lose his herd to a stronger male at any time. Is the use of the Hardy-Weinberg model to identify the changes in the genetic structure of the sheep appropriate? Why? G B I E E U S X1 X' PA C > The Hardy-Weinberg equation for two alleles D and d, with frequencies p and q can be summarized (p + q) = 1 Select one: O True O False Mutations occur more frequently in large populations. Select one: O True O False The table below refers to the geographic range of a particular species of lizard. The letters A. B. C and D represent specific locations within that range. The number of alleles in the gene pool of the population for three different traits were counted at each location. These data are represented in the table. Number of Alleles for Three Different Traits Locations Trait ABCD Blood Type 2 3 1 Hemoglobin A 1 5 3 2 A Glycolysis Enzyme 14 25 12 7 611051 Identify the population with the smallest gene pool. G AY B I E E = I S X1 X' C >Question 21 In the 1980s, Mount Saint Helens, a volcanic mountain in the Pacific Northwest, erupted. Among the many species Not yet affected were some cedars on the slopes of the mountain. Very few survived, but now the population has recovered. It answered has been found that the new population has much less genetic diversity than the original population, as a result of what Marked out of 1.00 population geneticists call the Flag question Question 22 What is the main reason that the Hardy-Weinberg Principle cannot usually be applied to a human population, such as that Not yet of Canada? answered Marked out of 1.00 G B E E U S X X' Flag question C >