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1) You wish to conduct a case-control study of alcohol consumption and the incidence of gastric ulcers. You interview new cases of gastric ulcer about their drinking habits 5 years before their diagnosis, and compare them with normal controls identified with random digit dialing. As part of your investigation, you need to asses whether gender is a potential confounder or effect modifier. The results are shown below for men and women. (SHOW YOUR WORK) Men Cases Controls > 2 drinks/day 79 108 2 drinks/day 22 24 40 Years Old Eye Infection No Eye Infection Total Contact Lenses 80 320 400 Glasses 80 720 800 a) What is the most appropriate measure of association for this study? b) Using this measure of association, does age modify the association between contact lens use and eye infection? Why or why not? (Note - If age is an effect modifier, then stop with part b. If age is not an effect modifier, then continue with parts c and d.) c) If age is not an effect modifier, does age confound the association between contact lens use and eye infection? Why or why not? d) If age is not an effect modifier, show how age either meets or does not meet each of the criteria for confounding