Please only pick up if you are going to answer fully, thanks.

You might need those formulas and tables:

Ideal gas specific heat KJ/KG per K

Q2) Hydrogen (H2) reacts with 400% theoretical air in an isothermal reaction where the initial and final conditions are 25C and 1 atm pressure (see Figure Q2). The surroundings temperature is also at 25C. Answer the following questions. i) How much heat is transferred from the combustor during this process (per kmol of hydrogen)? ii) How much entropy is generated per unit mass of the burned fuel? iii) What is the reversible work (per unit mass of the burned fuel) that could have been produced in this process? iv) Is there any other way to utilise the energy of this hydrogen and air mixture? If so, does that way destroy more or less exergy? Briefly explain why. H, +Air H,0,02, N2 Combustor P=1 atm, T=25C P=1 atm, T=25C Figure Q2 Hint: R=8.3143 kJ/kgmol.K. = S1) + D3-v} 2 2 2 0 = (u Uo) + P. (V - V.) T.(s 5) ++ gz closed system (or non-flow) exergy = (e - e) + P.(V - V.) T,(s so) 40 = 02-01 = (uz - u) + P. (V2 - V1) - T.(s2 - closed system (or non-flow) +g(22 - 2) exergy difference = (h ho) To(s so) +"+gz ) s ) ++ open system (flow) exergy A4 = 42 41 = (h2 hq) +T,($z-) + v-vi open system (flow) exergy difference +g(22-21) AX isolated = (X2 - X1) isolated (; + h ), Sin - Sout + Sgen General entropy balance Entropy balance for chemically +Sgen = Sprod - Sreact reactive systems 5(T,P:) = si (T, P.)-RyIn(Yilm) (kJ/kmol.K) Entropy of a component in a gas mixture Reversible work of chemical process R where g = h-T's AG = AH-TAS Gibbs function Jio = Lio k = = Ti2 Cpin T = P 11 = AS system Qk =S -;3; -, = -20 P Reversible work in chemically reactive systems R Wres = {n-cig + a T75) nots + d Tos), m = pua, V = UA Mass and volumetric flow rates ca k Co C Temp. K Temp. K Air Nitrogen, N, 250 300 350 1.039 1.039 1.041 0.742 0.743 0.744 1.400 1.400 1.399 Oxygen, o 0.913 0.653 0.918 0.658 0.928 0.668 0.941 0.681 0.956 0.696 0.972 0.712 1.398 1.395 1.389 250 300 350 400 450 500 1.382 1.373 1.365 400 450 500 550 600 650 0.988 1.003 1.017 0.728 0.743 0.758 1.358 1.350 1.343 550 600 650 700 750 800 1.003 0.716 1.401 1.005 0.718 1.400 1.008 0.721 1.398 1.013 0.726 1.395 1.020 0.733 1.391 1.029 0.742 1.387 1.040 0.753 1.381 1.051 0.764 1.376 1.063 0.776 1.370 1.075 0.788 1.364 1.087 0.800 1.359 1.099 0.812 1.354 1.121 0.834 1.344 1.142 0.855 1.336 Carbon Dioxide, CO 0.791 0.602 1.314 0.846 0.657 1.288 0.895 0.706 1.268 1.044 0.747 1.397 1.049 0.752 1.395 1.056 0.759 1.391 1.065 0.768 1.387 1.075 0.778 1.382 1.086 0.789 1.376 1.098 0.801 1.371 1.110 0.813 1.365 1.121 0.825 1.360 1.145 0.849 1.349 1.167 0.870 1.341 Carbon Monoxide, CO 1.031 1.043 1.054 0.771 0.783 0.794 1.337 1.332 1.327 700 750 800 1.074 1.090 0.814 1.319 0.830 1.313 900 1000 1000 Temp. K Temp. K 250 300 350 1.039 1.040 1.043 0.743 0.744 0.746 1.400 1.399 1.398 Hydrogen, H, 14.051 9.927 14.307 10.183 14.427 10.302 1.416 1.405 1.400 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.939 0.978 1.014 0.750 0.790 0.825 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.395 1.392 1.387 14.476 14.501 14.513 10.352 10.377 10.389 400 450 500 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 1.398 1.398 1.397 1.396 1.396 1.395 550 550 600 650 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.382 1.376 1.370 14.530 14,546 14.571 10.405 10.422 10.447 600 650 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.202 700 750 800 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.197 1.193 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185 0.816 0.829 0.842 1.364 1.358 1.353 14.604 14.645 14.695 10.480 10.521 10.570 1.394 1.392 1.390 700 750 800 900 1000 1.204 1.234 1.015 1.045 1.186 1.181 0.866 0.888 1.343 1.335 14.822 14.983 10.698 1.385 10.859 | 1.380 900 1000 Nitrogen, N, (hi = 0 W/kmol) h T(K) T(K) 0 220 230 240 250 260 270 5.405 280 290 298 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 Carbon Dioxide, CO, (hi = -393.520 kl/komol) h 0 0 0 6,601 4.772 202.966 6,938 5,026 204-464 7,280 5,285 205.920 7,627 5,548 207-337 7.979 5,817 208.717 8,335 6,091 210.062 8,697 6,369 211376 9.063 6,651 212.660 9.364 6.885 213.685 9.431 6,939 213.915 9.807 7.230 215.146 10,186 7.526 216.351 10,570 7.826 217.534 10,959 8,131 218.694 11,351 8,439 219.831 11748 8.752 220.948 12,148 9,068 222.0 44 12,552 9.392 223.122 12,960 9.718 224.182 13.372 10,046 225.225 13.787 10,378 226.250 14.206 10,714 227.258 14.628 11,053 228.252 15,054 11,393 229.230 15.483 11742 230.194 15,916 12,091 231.144 16,351 12,444 232.080 16,791 12,800 233.004 17,232 13,158 233.916 17,678 13.521 234.814 18, 126 13.885 235.700 18,576 14,253 236.575 19.029 14,622 237-439 19.485 14.996 238.292 19.945 15372 239.135 20,407 15.751 239.962 20,870 16,131 240.789 21,337 16,5 15 24 1602 21,807 16,902 242.405 Enthalpy h(T) and internal energy (), in kJ/kmol. Absolute entropy at 1 atm 3*(T), in kJ/kmol. K. Carbon Monoxide, CO Water Vapor, H,0 Oxygen, o, (hi = -110,530 kJ/kmol) Chi = -241,820 kl/kmol) Chi = o /kmol) h h 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,391 4.562 188.683 7,295 5.466 178.576 6,404 4.575 196.171 6,683 4.771 189.980 7.628 5,715 180.054 6,694 4.782 197-461 6,975 4.979 191.221 7.961 5.965 181.471 6,984 4,989 198.696 7,266 5.188 192.411 8,294 6,215 18 2.831 7,275 5,197 199.885 7.558 5.396 193.554 8,627 6,466 184.139 7.566 201.027 7.849 5.604 194.654 8961 6.716 185.399 7.858 5,613 202.128 8,140 5.812 195.173 9.296 6.968 186.616 8,150 5,822 203.191 8,432 6,020 196.735 9.631 7.219 187.791 8.443 6,032 204.218 8,669 6,190 197.543 9.904 7.425 188.720 8,682 6.203 205.033 &.723 6,229 197.723 9.966 7,472 188.928 8.736 6,242 205.213 9,014 6,437 198.678 10,30 2 7725 190.030 9,030 6,453 206.177 9.306 6,645 199.603 10,639 7.978 191.098 9.325 6,664 207.112 9.597 6,854 200.500 10,976 8,232 192.136 9.620 6,877 208.020 9.889 7,062 201.371 11,314 8,487 193.144 9.916 7,090 208.904 10,181 7,271 202.217 11,652 8,742 194.125 10,213 7,303 209.765 16,473 7.480203.040 11,992 8,998 195.081 10,511 7.518 210.604 10.765 7,689 203.842 12,331 9,255 196.012 10,809 7.733 211.423 11,058 7,899 204.622 12,672 9.513 196.920 11,109 7.949 212.222 11351 8108 205.383 13,014 9.771 197.807 11,409 8,166 213.002 11644 8319 206.125 13.356 10,030 198.673 11,711 8,384 213.765 11938 8,529 206.850 13,699 10,290 199.521 12,012 8,603 214.510 12,232 8,740 207.549 14,043 10,551 200.350 12,314 8,822 215.241 12.526 & 951 208.252 14.388 10,813 201.160 12,618 9,043 215.955 12,821 9,163 208.929 14.734 11,075 201.955 12,923 9,264 216.656 13.116 9.375 209.593 15.080 11,339 202.734 13,228 9.487 217.342 13.412 9.587 210.243 15.428 11,603 203.497 13.535 9.710 218.016 13.708 9,800 210.880 15.777 11,869204.247 13,842 9.935 218.676 14,005 10,014 211.504 16,126 12,135 204.982 14,151 10,160 219.326 14-302 10,228 212.117 16,477 12,403 205.705 14,460 10,386 219.963 14,600 10,443 212.719 16,828 12,671 206.413 14.770 10,614 220.589 14,898 10,658 213.310 17,181 12,940 207.112 15,082 10,842 221.206 15,197 10,874 213.890 17.534 13,211 207.799 15.395 11,071 221.812 15.497 11,090 214-460 17,889 13.482 208.475 15.708 11,301 222.409 15.797 11,307 215.020 18,245 13.755 209.139 16,022 11,533 222.997 16,097 11,524 215.572 18,601 14,028 209.795 16,338 11.765 223.576 16.399 11,743 216.115 18,959 14,303 210.440 16,654 11,998 224.146 16701 11,961 216.649 19.318 14.579 211.075 16,971 12,232 224.708 17,003 12,181 217.175 19,678 14,856 211.702 17,290 12,467 225.262 17.307 12,401 217.693 20,039 15,134 212.320 17,609 12,703 225.808 0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266 7.558 7,849 8,141 8,432 8,669 8723 9,014 9.306 9.597 9.888 10,180 10,471 10.763 11,055 11,347 11,640 11,932 12,225 12,518 12,811 13,105 13.399 13.693 13.988 14,285 14.581 14.876 15.172 15.469 15.766 16,064 16, 363 16,662 16,962 17,262 o 0 4562 182.6 38 4.770 183-938 4.979 185.180 5.188 186.370 5396 187.514 5,604 188.614 5.813 189.673 6,0 21 190.695 6,190 191.502 6,229 191.682 6,437 192.638 6,645 193.562 6,853 194-459 7,061 195.328 7,270 196.173 7.478 196.995 7,687 197.794 7,895 198.572 &104 199.331 8314 200.071 8,523 200.794 8.733 201.499 8943 202.189 9,153 202.863 9.363 203-523 9.574 204.170 9.786 204.803 9.997 205-424 10,210 206.033 10,423 206.630 10,6 35 10,848 207.792 11,062 208.358 11,277 208.914 11492 209.461 11.707 209.999 11923 210.528 12,139 211049 12,356 211.562 0 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 298 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 207.216 560 570 580 590 Carbon Dioxide, CO, Chi = -393.520 kJ/kmol) Carbon Monoxide, CO Chi = -110,530 W/kmol) h and u in kJ/kmol sin kl/mol - K Water Vapor, H,0 (i = - 241,820 kJ/kmol) Oxygen, o, (hi = o kl/kmol Nitrogen, N, (hi = o kl/kmol) T(K) 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 22,280 22.754 23.231 23.709 24.190 24.674 25.160 25,648 26,138 26,631 27,125 27,622 28.121 28,622 29,124 29,629 30,135 30,644 31,154 31,665 32,179 32,694 33,212 33.730 34.251 34.773 35,296 35.821 36.347 36,876 37.405 37.935 38,467 39,000 39,535 40,070 40,607 41,145 41,685 42,226 17,291 243.199 17,683 243.983 18,076 244.758 18,471 245.524 18,869 246.282 19,270 247.032 19,672 247 773 20,078 248.507 20,484 249.233 20,894 249.952 21,305 250.663 21,719 251.368 22,134 252.065 22,552 252.755 22,972 253-439 23,393 254.117 23,817 254.787 24,242 255-452 24,669256.110 25,097 256.762 25,527 257-408 25.959 258.048 26,394 258.682 26,829 259.311 27,267 259.934 27,706 260.551 28,125 261.164 28,588 261.770 29,031 262.371 29.476 262.968 29.922 263.559 30,369 264.146 30,818 264.728 31,268 265.304 31,719 265.877 32,171 266.444 32,625 | 267.007 33,081 267.566 33.537 268.119 33.995 268.670 17,611 17.915 18,221 18.527 18,833 19.141 19.449 19.758 20,068 20.378 20,690 21,002 21,315 21,628 21,943 22,258 22,573 22,890 23,208 23.526 23,844 24,164 24.483 24,803 25,124 25,446 25.768 26,091 26,415 26740 27.066 27.392 27.719 28.046 28.375 28.703 29,033 29.362 29,693 30,024 12,622 218.204 12,843 218.708 13.066 219.205 13.289 219.695 13.512 220.179 13.736 220.656 13.962 221127 14, 187 221592 14.414 222.052 14,641 222.505 14.870 222.953 15,099 223.396 15.328 223.833 15.558 224.265 15.789 224.692 16,022 225.115 16,255 225-533 16,488 225.947 16,723 226.357 16,957 226.762 17,193 227.162 17,429 227-559 17,665 227.952 17.902 228.339 18,140 228.724 18,379 229.106 18,6 17 229.482 18,858 229.856 19.099 230.227 19.341 230.593 19,583 230.957 19. 826 231.317 20,070 231.674 20,314 232.028 20,559 232.379 20, 805 232.727 21,051 233.072 21,298 233.413 21.545 233-752 21.793 234.088 20,402 20.765 21,130 21,495 21,862 22,230 22,600 22.970 23.342 23.714 24.088 24.464 24,840 25,218 25.597 25.977 26,358 26.741 27,125 27.510 27,896 28,284 28,672 29.062 29.454 29,846 30,240 30,635 31,032 31.429 31,828 32,228 32,629 33,032 33.436 33,841 34,2 47 34,653 35.061 35.472 15,413 212.9 20 15,693 213.529 15,975 214.122 16,257 214.707 16,541 215.285 16,826 215.856 7,112 216.419 17.399 216.976 17.688 217.527 17.978 218.071 18,268 218.6 10 18,561 219.142 18,854 219.668 19,148 220.189 19,444 220.707 19.741 221.215 20,0 39 221.7 20 20,339 222.221 20,639 222.717 20,941 223.207 21,245 223.693 21,549 224.174 21,855 224.651 22,162 225.123 22,470225-592 22,779 226.057 23,090 226.517 23,402 226.973 23.715 227-426 24.029 227.875 24,345 228.321 24,662 228.763 24.980 229.202 25.300 229.637 25,621 230.070 25.943 230.499 26,265 230.924 26,588 231.347 26,913 231.767 27,240 232.184 17.9 29 12,940 226.346 18,250 13,178 226.877 18572 13.417 227.400 18,895 13.657 227.918 19,219 13.898 228.429 19.544 14,140 228.932 19,870 14.383 229.430 20,197 14.626 229.920 20.524 14.871 230.405 20,854 15,116 230.885 21,184 15.364 231.358 21,514 15.611 231.827 21,845 15.859 232.291 22,177 16,107 232.748 22,510 16.357 233.201 22,844 16,607 233.649 23.178 16,859 234.091 23.513 17,111 234-528 23,850 17,364 234.960 24,186 17.618 235.387 24.523 17,872235.810 24.861 18126 236.230 25,199 18382 236.644 25.537 18,637 237.055 25,877 18,893 237.462 26,218 19,150 237.864 26.559 19.408 238.264 26,899 19,666 238.660 27,242 19.925 239.051 27.584 20,185 239.439 27.928 20,445 239.823 28 272 20,706 240.203 28,6 16 20,967 240.580 28,960 21,228 240.953 29.306 21,491 241.323 29.652 21,754 241.689 29.999 22,017 242.052 30345 22,280 24 2.411 30,692 22,544 242.768 31,0 41 22,809 243.120 17.563 17.864 18,166 18,468 18.772 19,075 19.380 19,685 19.991 20,297 20,604 20,912 21,220 21,529 21,839 22,149 22,460 22,772 23,085 23,398 23.714 24,027 24.342 24,658 24.974 25,292 25,610 25.928 26,248 26,568 26,890 27,210 27.532 27,854 28,178 28,501 28,826 29.151 29.476 29,803 12,574 212.066 12,792 2 12.564 13,011 213.055 13,230 213.541 13.450 214.018 13.671 2 14.489 13,892 214.954 14.114 215-413 14.337 215.866 14.560 2 16.314 14.784 2 16.756 15.008 217.192 15,234 217.624 15.460 218.059 15.686 218.472 15.913 218.889 16,141 219-301 16,370 2 19.709 16,599 220.113 16,830 220.512 17,061 220.907 17,292 221.298 17.524 221.684 17.757 222.067 17.990 222.447 18,224 222.822 18.459 223.194 18,695 223.562 18,931 223.927 19,168 224.288 19.407 224.647 19,644 225.002 19,883 225.353 20,122 225.701 20,362 226.047 20,603 226.389 20,844 226.728 21,086 227.064 21,328 227-398 21,571 227-728 T(K) 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 T(K) T(K) 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 33.702 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 Carbon Dioxide, CO 67 --393.520 kl/kmol) 5 3. 42.769 34.455 269.215 43,859 35.378 270.293 44.953 36,306 271.354 46,051 37.238 272.400 47,153 38,174 273.430 48,258 39,112 274-445 49.369 49,057 275.444 50.484 41,006 276.430 51,602 41.957 277.40 3 52,724 42,913 278.362 53.848 43.871 279-307 54.977 44.834 280.238 56,108 45.799 281.158 57.244 46.768 28 2.066 58.381 47.739 282.962 59.522 48.713 28 3.847 60,666 49,691284.722 61,813 50,672 285.586 62,963 51,656 286.439 64,116 52,643 287.283 65.271 53.631 288.106 66.427 54,621 288.934 67.586 55,614 289.743 68,748 56,609 290.542 69.911 57.606 291.333 71,078 58,606 292.114 72,246 59,609 292.888 73.417 60,613 292.654 74,590 61,620294-411 76,767 62,630 295.161 76,944 63.741 295.901 78,123 6 4,653 296.632 79.303 65.668 297.356 80.486 66.592 298.072 81,670 67.702 298.781 82,856 68,721 299.482 84,043 69.742 300.177 85,231 70,764 300.863 h and 2 in kl/kmol. 3 in kJ/kmol. K Carbon Monoxide, co Water Vapor, H,0 Oxygen, Chi-110,530 kl/kmol) (-241,820 kl/kmol) ( ho/kmol) h 30 h 30 h u 3 30,355 22,041 234.421 35.882 27.568 232.597 31,389 23.075 243.471 31,020 22,540 235.079 36,709 28,228 233.415 32,088 23,607 244.164 31,688 23,041 235.728 37.542 28,895 234.223 32.789 24.142 244844 32.357 23.544 236.364 38,380 29.567 235.020 33.490 24,677 245.513 33,029 24,049 236.992 39,223 30, 243 235.806 34.194 25,214 246.171 24.557 237.609 40,071 30,925 236.584 34,899 25.753 246.818 34.377 25.065 238.217 40, 923 31,611 237-352 35.606 26,294 247.454 35,054 25.575 238.817 41.780 32, 301 238.110 36,314 26,836 248.081 35.733 26,088 239.407 42,642 32,997 238.859 37,023 27.379 248.698 36,406 26,602 239.989 43,509 33,698 239.600 37.734 27.923 249.307 37.095 27.118 240.663 44.380 34,403 240.333 38,447 28,469 249.906 37.780 27.637 241.128 45,256 35, 112 241.057 39.162 29.018 25 0.497 3846628,426 241.686 46,137 35. 827 241.773 39,877 29.568 251.079 39.154 28,678 2 42.236 47,022 36,546 242.482 40,594 30.118 251.653 39,884 29,201 242.780 47.912 37,270 243.183 41,312 30,670 252.219 40.534 29.725 243.316 48,807 38,000 243.877 42,033 31,224 252.776 41,266 30,251 243.844 49.707 38,732 244.564 42,753 31.778 253.325 41,919 30,778244-366 50,612 39.470 245.243 43,475 32,334253.868 42,613 31,306 244.880 51,521 40, 213 245.915 44.198 32,891 254-404 43.309 31,836 245-388 52,434 40,960 246.582 44.923 33.449 254-932 44,007 32,367 245.889 53.351 41,711 247.241 45,648 34.008 255-454 44.707 32,900 246.385 54,273 42,466 247.895 46,374 34.567 255.968 45.408 33.434 246.876 55.198 43.226 248.543 47,102 35,129 256.475 46110 33.971 247-360 56,128 43.989 249.185 47.831 35,692 256.978 46,813 34,508 247.839 57,062 44.756 249.820 48.561 36,256 257.474 47.517 35,046 248.312 57.999 45.528 250.450 49,292 36,821 257.965 48,222 35.584 248.778 58,942 46,304 251.074 50,024 37.387 258.450 48.928 36,124 249.240 59.888 47,084 251.693 50.756 37.952 258.928 49,635 36,665 249.695 60, 838 47,868 252.305 51,490 38,520 259.402 50,344 37,207 250.147 61,792 48,655 252.912 52,224 39,088 259.870 51,053 37,750 250.592 62,748 49,445 253.513 52,961 39,658 260.333 51.763 38,293 251.033 63.709 52,240 254.111 53.696 40,227 260.791 52.472 38,837 251.470 64.675 51,039 254.703 54.434 40.799 261.242 53,184 39.382 251.901 65,643 51,841 255.290 55.172 41.370 261.690 53,895 39.927 252.329 66,614 52,646 255.873 55.912 41,944 262.132 54,609 40,474 252.751 67.589 53,455 256.450 56,652 42,517 262.571 55.323 41,023 253.169 68,567 54,267 257.022 57,394 43,093 263.005 56,0 39 41,572 253-582 69,550 55,083 257.589 58,136 43,669 26 3.435 Nitrogen, N. Chokl/kmol) u 30,129 21,815 228.057 30.784 22,304 228.706 31,442 22.795 229.344 32,101 23,288 229.973 32,762 23.782 230.591 33.426 24,280 231.199 34,092 24.780 231.799 34760 25,28 2 232.391 35.430 25.786 232.973 36,104 26,291 233.549 36.777 26.799 234.115 37-452 27308 234.673 38,129 27,819 235.223 38,807 28,331 235.766 39.488 28,845 236.302 40,170 29.361 236.8 31 40,853 29,878 237.353 41,539 30398 237.867 42,227 30.919 238.376 42.915 31,441 238.878 43.605 31.96 4 239-375 44.295 32,489 239.865 44.988 33,014 240.350 45,682 33.543 240.827 46,377 34,071 241.301 47,073 34,601 241.768 47.771 35.133 242.228 48.470 35,665 242.685 49,168 36197 243.137 49,869 36.732 243-585 50,571 37,268 244.028 51,275 37.806 244464 51,980 38,344 244.896 52,686 38,884 245.324 53.393 39,424 245.747 54,099 39.965 246.166 54.807 40,507 246.580 41,049 246.990 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1600 16 20 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 17 40 1700 1720 17 40 55,516 Enthalpy of Formation, (kJ/kmol) Gibbs Function of Formation, 9? (kJ/kmol) Heating Values Higher, Lower, HHV LHV (kJ/kg) (kl/kg) 32,770 32,770 141.780 119.950 Absolute Entropy, 30 (kJ/kmol-K) 5-74 130.57 191.50 205.03 Molar Mass, M (kg/kmol) 12.01 2.016 28.01 32.00 28.01 44.01 18.02 18.02 0 - 110,530 -393.520 -241,820 -285,830 - 137,150 -394.380 -228,590 -237,180 -105.600 -16,590 231,770 203,290 UTILITI 34.02 17.03 16.00 1.008 Substance Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water Water Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Hydroxyl Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane Butane Pentane Octane Octane Benzene Methanol Methanol Ethanol Ethanol Formula C(s) Hyle) N.() 0, CO) co, H2O(g) H,000 H,0,0%) NH,g) Og Hg) N(g) OH() CH,(g) CH.) CHg) CHE) CH() CH. CH.) CHg) CHE) C.H.00 CH() CH,OH(g) CH,OH( CH, OH (g) CH, OH (1) 197.54 213.69 188.72 69.95 232.63 192.33 160.95 114.61 153.19 183.75 186.16 200.85 219.83 229.49 266.94 269.91 14.01 17.01 16.04 26.04 28.05 30.07 55.510 49.910 50,020 48,220 -136,310 -46,190 249,170 218,000 472,680 39,460 -74,850 226,730 52,280 -84,680 20,410 -103,850 -126,150 -146,440 -208,450 - 249,910 82,930 -200,890 - 238,810 - 235,310 -277,690 455.510 34,280 --50,790 209,170 68,120 -32,890 62,720 -23.490 50,300 51,870 48,920 50.350 47,160 47.480 45.780 46,360 42.08 44.09 58.12 72.15 114.22 114.22 78.11 - 15.710 -8.200 17.320 6,610 129,660 - 162,140 - 166,290 --168,570 - 174.890 310.03 348.40 463.67 360.79 269.20 49.500 49,010 48,260 47.900 42,270 23,850 22,670 30,590 29,670 45.720 45.350 44,790 44.430 40,580 32.04 32.04 46.07 46.07 239.70 126.80 282.59 160.70 21,110 19.920 27.720 26,800 T(K), h and u(kJ/kg), s (kJ/kg .K) when As = 0 P. U. T h when As = 0 T h u u so P. U. 200 210 220 230 240 199.97 209.97 219.97 230.02 240.02 142.56 149.69 156.82 164.00 171.13 1.29559 1.34444 1.39105 1.43557 1.47824 0.3363 1707. 0.3987 1512. 0.4690 1346. 0.5477 1205. 0.6355 1084. 450 460 470 480 490 451.80 462.02 472.24 482.49 492.74 322.62 329.97 337.32 344.70 352.08 2.11161 2.13407 2.15604 2.17760 2.19876 5.775 223.6 6.245 211.4 6.742 200.1 7.268 189.5 7.824 179.7 8.411 170.6 9.031 162.1 9.684 154.1 10.37 146.7 11.10 139.7 250 260 270 280 285 250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14 0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584 979. 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1 500 510 520 530 540 503.02 513.32 523.63 533.98 544-35 359.49 2.21952 366.92 2.23993 374.36 2.25997 381.84 2.27967 389.34 2.29906 396.86 2.31809 404.42 2.33685 411.97 2.35531 419.55 2.37348 427.15 2.39140 290 295 300 305 310 290.16 295.17 300.19 305.22 310.24 550 560 570 580 590 11.86 12.66 13.50 14.38 15.31 133.1 127.0 121.2 115.7 110.6 178.28 1.51917 185.45 1.55848 192.60 1.59634 199.75 1.63279 203.33 1.65055 206.91 1.66802 210.49 1.68515 214.07 1.70203 217.67 1.71865 221.25 1.73498 224.85 1.75106 228.42 1.76690 232.02 1.78249 235.61 1.79783 242.82 1.82790 250.02 1.85708 257.24 1.88543 264.46 1.91313 271.69 1.94001 278.93 1.96633 1.2311 1.3068 1.3860 1.4686 1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352 2.149 676.1 647.9 621.2 596.0 572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4 454.1 315 320 325 330 340 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34 340.42 600 610 620 630 640 554.74 565.17 575.59 586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07 638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14 691.82 702.52 434.78 442.42 450.09 457.78 465.50 16.28 17.30 18.36 19.84 20.64 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356 2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589 2.54175 2.55731 350 360 370 350.49 360.58 370.67 380.77 390.88 2.379 2.626 2.892 3.176 422.2 393.4 367.2 343.4 321.5 650 660 670 680 690 473.25 481.01 488.81 496.62 504.45 21.86 23.13 24.46 25.85 27.29 105.8 101.2 96.92 92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61 75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53 62.13 59.82 380 390 3-481 400 410 420 430 440 400.98 411.12 421.26 431.43 441.61 286.16 293.43 300.69 307.99 315.30 1.99194 2.01699 2.04142 2.06533 2.08870 3.806 4.153 4.522 4.915 5.332 301.6 283.3 266.6 251.1 236.8 700 710 720 730 740 713.27 724.04 734.82 745.62 756.44 512.33 2.57277 520.23 2.58810 528.14 2.60319 536.07 2.61803 544.02 2.63280 28.80 30.38 32.02 33.72 35.50 (Continued) T(K), h and u(k]/kg), s (kJ/kg .K) when As = o P. U T h when As = o T h u P. 750 760 770 780 790 551.99 560.01 568.07 576.12 584.21 2.64737 2.66176 2.67595 2.69013 2.70400 37.35 39.27 41.31 43.35 45.55 57.63 55.54 53.39 51.64 49.86 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1395-97 1419.76 1443.60 1467-49 1491.44 330.9 352.5 375-3 399.1 424.2 11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337 767.29 778.18 789.11 800.03 810.99 821.95 843.98 866.08 888.27 910.56 800 820 840 860 880 47.75 52.59 57.60 63.09 68.98 48.08 44.84 41.85 39.12 36.61 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79 450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8 8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468 592.30 2.71787 608.59 2.74504 624.95 2.77170 641.40 2.79783 657.95 2.82344 674-58 2.84856 691.28 2.87324 708.08 2.89748 725.02 2.92128 741.98 2.94468 1022.82 3.27345 1040.88 3.29160 1058.94 3.30959 1077.10 3-32724 1095.26 3.34474 1113.52 3.36200 1131.77 3.37901 1150.13 3.39586 1168.49 3.41247 1186.95 3.42892 1205.41 3.44516 1223.87 3.46120 1242.43 3.47712 1260.99 3-49276 1279.65 3.50829 1298.30 3.52364 1316.96 3.53879 1335.72 3.55381 1354.48 3.56867 1373.24 3.58335 900 920 940 960 980 75.29 82.05 89.28 97.00 105.2 34.31 32.18 30.22 28.40 26.73 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17 601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0 7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 932.93 955-38 977.92 1000.55 1023.25 1046.04 1068.89 1091.85 1114.86 1137.89 1161.07 1184.28 1207.57 1230.92 1254-34 758.94 2.96770 776.10 2.99034 793-36 3.01260 810.62 3.03449 827.88 3.05608 114.0 123.4 133.3 143.9 155.2 25.17 23.72 22.39 21.14 19.98 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1757.57 1782.00 1806.46 1830.96 1855.50 791.2 834.1 878.9 925.6 974.2 5.804 5.574 5-355 5.147 4.949 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 845-33 862.79 880.35 897.91 915-57 3.07732 3.09825 3.11883 3.13916 3.15916 167.1 179.7 193.1 207.2 222.2 18.896 17.886 16.946 16.064 15.241 1700 1880.1 1750 1941.6 1800 2003-3 1850 2065-3 1900 2127.4 1392.7 1439.8 1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 3.5979 3.6336 3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 1025 1161 1310 1475 1655 4.761 4.328 3.944 3.601 3.295 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1277.79 1301.31 1324.93 1348.55 1372.24 933-33 951.09 968.95 986.90 1004.76 3.17888 3.19834 3.21751 3.23638 3.25510 238.0 254.7 272.3 290.8 310.4 14.470 13.747 13.069 12.435 11.835 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2189.7 2252.1 2314.6 2377.4 2440.3 2503.2 1630.6 1678.7 1726.8 1775-3 1823.8 1872.4 3.7677 3.7994 3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 1852 2068 2303 2559 2837 3138 106 3.022 2.776 2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 ra 10 2007 406