Please provide a peer response to Jake's post below.

Make sure to address him directly in your response.

Provide in-text citations in an APA format.

"Hello class,

Q2- What is the deficiency model of an introduction? Discuss how using this model when writing the introduction to a study or proposal may set the stage for the reader.

According to our textbook, "the deficiency model of an introduction is an approach to writing an introduction to a research study that builds on gaps in the literature" (Cresswell & Cresswell, 2023, p.112). Within the deficiency model, there are four parts. The first part is to state the research problem. The second part reviews evidence from the literature that justifies the problem. The third part is to indicate deficiencies in the evidence, and the fourth part is to state the importance of the problem for audiences (Cresswell & Cresswell, 2023).

This model is called a deficiency model because "a major component of the introduction establishes the deficiencies in past research" (Cresswell & Creswell, 2023, p.107). This is not to take credit away from the past research, but only to highlight that there could have been other factors missed, overlooked, or omitted that could change or reinforce the findings of the research. After highlighting these deficiencies in the introduction, the proposal will be made on how this study will fix the deficiencies noted and provide a unique and purposeful contribution to the scholarly literature.

Using the deficiency model of an introduction sets the stage for the reader in a couple of ways. For one, it provides an immediate answer to "why" this research is proposed and why the reader should continue. Similarly, the introduction in this model is expected to have a hook in the opening sentence to entice the reader to continue. Without this hook, and without providing the "why," the reader could be confused as to what they are reading and may not be as inclined to continue reading with much attention and effort. The deficiency model also serves as an effective roadmap for the proposal, which adds structure to both the researcher's product and the reader.

Reference:

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods (6^th ed.). Sage Publications."

-Jake