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Proactive behavior usually stems from a proactive personality and refers to self-initiated anticipatory action with the intent of either changing the situation or one's own behavior and attitudes. Which of the following examples shows the demonstration of proactive behaviour by an individual?

a. Being a team manager, Shirley clearly communicates what she expects from her team in terms of performance and commitment.

B. As the chief executive officer of a company, Jason is able to understand the long-term implications of policies.

C. Adam is an approachable manager and always tries to empathize with his team members when they face problems at work.

D, Michelle always keeps project reports ready, as she knows that her manager can ask for them anytime.

A leader is said to be proactive if he creates or controls a situation by causing something to happen, rather than react after the event happens. Hence, leaders exhibit proactive behavior by ________ .

a. using their power primarily to help others

b. taking anticipatory action to change a situation

c. displaying empathy for others

d. bouncing back after a major setback

A person with which of the following traits has a relatively stable tendency to effect environmental change?

a. Attractiveness

b. Stubbornness

c. Proactive personality

d. Sense of humor