plese define this words for advanced algorithm without AI answers $34.$ Karnaugh Map: A graphical representation of a truth table used for simplifying Boolean algebraic expressions.

$35.$ Linear: Referring to an algorithm or data structure with a time complexity that grows linearly with the size of the input.

$36.$ Linked List: A linear data structure consisting of a sequence of elements, where each element points to the next one in the sequence.

$37.$ Little$-$O Notation: A mathematical notation describing the upper bound or worst$-$case time complexity of an algorithm, providing a tighter bound than Big$-$O notation.

$38.$Logarithm: The inverse operation of exponentiation, representing the power to which a base must be raised to produce a given number.

$39.$Markov Chain: A stochastic model describing a sequence of events where the probability of each event depends only on the state of the previous event.

$40.$Multigraph: A graph that allows multiple edges between the same pair of vertices.

$41.$Node: A fundamental unit of a data structure, representing an element or entity.

$42.$NP: A complexity class representing the set of decision problems for which a solution can be verified in polynomial time.

$43.$Queue: A linear data structure that follows the First$-$In$-$First$-$Out $($FIFO$)$ principle, where elements are inserted at the rear and removed from the front.

$44.$Radix Sort: A non$-$comparative sorting algorithm that sorts integers by grouping them by individual digits or radix positions.

$45.$Red$$Black Tree: A self$-$balancing binary search tree data structure with constraints on the coloring of nodes to ensure balanced operations.

$46.$Relaxation: A process used in algorithms like Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm to update the cost of reaching a vertex by considering alternative paths.

$47.$Tree Traversal: The process of visiting and processing each node in a tree data structure in a systematic order.

$48.$Turing Machine: A theoretical model of computation representing a hypothetical computing machine with an infinite tape and a set of rules for manipulating symbols.

$49.$Vertex: A fundamental unit of a graph, representing a point or node.

$50.$Weighted Graph: A graph in which each edge is assigned a numerical value or weight, representing some measure of distance, cost, or capacity.