p(modd) = r, or p = r(modd) This is read as "p mod d is r." The question, "What hour is it 44 hours after 2 o'clock on a 12-hour clock?" is answered by 44(mod 12) = 8. That is, the solution is the same as 8 hours past 2 o'clock, or 10 o'clock. 17. What arithmetic operations does the shorthand "mod" represent? For instance, the symbol x in the expres- sion 6 x 3 means multiply 6 by 3 (thus, add 6 to itself 3 times).