poblem $3.(10pts).$ Use $30$ words $or$ less for each $of$ the following questions.

$(a)$ Define the quality and quality characteristic for a product you are intereste$\frac{d}{f}$amiliar with,

and how you can measure the characteristic.

$(b)$ For a computer laptop, give two quality costs and which category each quality cost belongs

$to?$

Table $1-4$ Quality Costs

Prevention Costs

Quality planning and engineering

New products review

Produc$\frac{t}{p}$rocess design

Process control

Burn$-in$

Training

Quality data acquisition and analysis

Appraisal Costs

Inspection and test $of$ incoming material

Product inspection and test

Materials and services consumed

Maintaining accuracy $of$ test equipment

Internal Failure Costs

Scrap

Rework

Relest

Failure analysis

Downtime

Yield losses

Downgrading $(off-$specing$)$

External Failure Costs

Complaint adjustment

Returned produc$\frac{t}{m}$aterial

Warranty charges

Liability costs

Indirect costs

$(c)Explain$ why Six Sigma approach $or$ certification uses number "six", rather than other number

such $as$ four $or$ three?

$(d)In$ a semiconductor manufacturing process, the Flow Width Measurements $(microns)$ for the

Hard$-$Bake Process for the silicon wafer has the following control $limits$ for the $\stackrel{}{x}n=5CL\stackrel{}{x}=1\mathrm{.}5056,LCL\stackrel{}{x}=1\mathrm{.}31795,$UCL$\stackrel{}{x}=1\mathrm{.}69325$

$C{L}_R=0\mathrm{.}32521,LC{L}_R=0,UC{L}_R=068749$

What's the estimated process mean and process standard deviation?

$(e)$ What's DMAIC? And what does each step need $todo?$