Powertrain: Front engine front wheel drive vehicle

Engine Specs:

Fuel economy EPA highway $($l$/100$km$)$: $5\mathrm{.}5$

Main $45$ liter unleaded fuel tank

$122$ HP @ $5,500$ rpm;

$232$ Nm @ $4,000$ rpm

Engine operating range: $1000-7000$ rpm

Gear Ratios:

Final Drive

XXX First $3\mathrm{.}66$ Second

$2\mathrm{.}25$ Third

$1\mathrm{.}27$ Fourth

$1\mathrm{.}13$ Fifth

$0\mathrm{.}94$

External dimensions:

overall length $($mm$)$: $4,234$

overall width $($mm$)$: $1,669$

overall height $($mm$)$: $1,394$

CG height $($mm$)$: $600$

wheelbase $($mm$)$: $2,600$

front track $($mm$)$: $1,435$

rear track $($mm$)$: $1,425$

Inertial Parameters:

Curb mass $($kg$)$: $1,423$

Sprung Mass$/$ Unsprung Mass: $7/1$

Weight distribution $($f$/$r$)$: $55/45$

Yaw Moment of Inertia: $3500$ kg m$2$

Sprung Mass Roll Moment of Inertia: $4500$ kg m$2$

Sprung Mass Radius of Gyration $($pitch$)$: $1\mathrm{.}1$ m

Cd$=0\mathrm{.}33$

Tires

$175/70/13$

Pressures $($f$/$r$)$: $1\mathrm{.}8/1\mathrm{.}6$ kgf$/$cm$2$

Tire vertical stiffness: $120000$ N$/$m

Axle Cornering Stiffnesses $($f$/$r$)$: $100,000$ N$/$rad $/80,000$ N$/$rad $5-$ Estimate the braking distance for an initial speed of V$=100$ kph If Kbf$=0\mathrm{.}5.$

$6-$ Draw a sketch of the lateral tire force curve for increasing tire slip with the available data. $($Hint: separate curves for front and rear tires$)$

$7-$ For a speed of v$=50$ kph and steering angle delta$=2$ deg, sketch the bicycle model indicating on the same plot

a$.$ The steady state values of the longitudinal and lateral speed

b$.$ The steady state values of front and rear lateral forces

c$.$ The steady state values of front and rear slip angles

d$.$ Turning radius

e$.$ The steady state value of lateral acceleration