PROBABILITY TUTORS

Use the references below

When faced291

*291with such extensive regulation, this Court has declined to read the Rehabilitation Act expansively. SeeBowenv.American Hospital Assn.,476 U. S. 610, 642-647 (1986);Alexanderv.Choate,469 U. S. 287, 303, 307 (1985). Absent an expression of intent to the contrary, "Congress . . . `will not be deemed to have significantly changed the federal-state balance.' "Bowenv.American Hospital Assn., supra,at 644, quotingUnited Statesv.Bass,404 U. S. 336, 349 (1971).

PLEASE READ THE CASE STUDY CAREFULLY

The requirement that Congress unambiguously express conditions imposed on federal moneys is particularly compelling in cases such as this where there exists longstanding state and federal regulation of the subject matter. From as early as 1796, Congress has legislated directly in the area of contagious diseases.^[1]Congress has also, however, left significant leeway to the States, which have enacted a myriad of public health statutes designed to protect against the introduction and spread of contagious diseases.^[2]

Questions

Question 1

What does the term pseudo-papilloedema mean?

Question 2

Could direct ophthalmoscopy falsely detect papilloedema due to error of

refraction?

Question 3

What is the cause of bilateral macular oedema?

Question 4

How can one differentiate between papilloedema and a tilted disc on

fundus examination?

Question 5

On fundus examination, does the preservation of the disc cup (no

obliteration) despite nasal blurring of the edges of the cup mean an

absence of papilloedema?

Question 6

What findings should be looked for during routine fundus examination

in patients on long-term chloroquine or other anti-malarial therapy for

treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Question 7

Which diseases are commonly associated with a macular star on

ophthalmoscopic examination?

Question 8

Can a cataract in one eye produce an afferent pupillary defect in that eye?

Question 9

What is meant by copper and silver wiring of retinal vessels on

ophthalmoscopy, what do they look like and which of them signifies

atherosclerosis?

Question 10

What is the mechanism of papilloedema? Is it that the intracranial

pressure exceeds the pressure of the central retinal vein? 1019