Problem 1: [10 marks] a. The table presents data on 10 types of errors in a process using two measures-frequency and cost. Apply a Pareto analysis based on the frequency of error occurrence, and separate the errors into important and trivial by using the 80/20 rule. Next, prepare a second Pareto table based on the cost of errors. Provide recommendations for the process based on the ranking of errors using frequency versus cost. b. A company that manufactures small household appliances has experienced high scrap and rework for several years. The total cost of the scrap and rework was recently estimated on an annual basis. The number shocked the top management. After long discussions, the 4 Quality Assurance Organization and Management IndTh 444 management team proposed that all departments reduce scrap and rework costs by 20% in the coming year. Provide your view on this proposal, and if you were part of the management team, what would you suggest regarding the issue? c. Draw an Ishikawa diagram to address the problem of low quality of printed documents at a paper publishing company. When constructing the Ishikawa diagram, identify at least three root causes for each of the 6Ms in the main bones of the diagram. d. The following data summarize the total number of defects for each worker at a company during the past six months: A quality cost study indicates that the cost of these defects is excessive. The company had discussions about the type of quality improvement program. Analysis indicated that the manufacturing equipment is adequate, the specifications are clear, and workers are given periodic information about their quality record. Apply a Pareto analysis and suggest the next step to improve the process and reduce the number of defects