Problem 1 (10 points): Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration system, with the top cycle using Ethane (R-170) and the bottom cycle using Ethylene (R-1150). Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic counterflow heat exchanger. Upper Cycle Characxteristics (Ethane) (R-170 Cycle): Ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, with subcooling Condensing Temperature: -10 C Evaporating Pressure: 378.77 kPa The refrigerant leaves the heat exchanger as a saturated vapor and leaves the condenser with 5 C of subcooling Mass flow rate: 3.2 kg/s Lower Cycle Characxteristics (Ethylene) (R-1150 Cycle): Ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, with superheating Condensing Pressure: 1.4521 MPa Evaporating Temperature: - 100 C The refrigerant leaves the heat exchanger as a saturated liquid and leaves the evaporator with 15 C of superheating Determine: a) The mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the lower cycle in (kg/s). b) The percentage of flash gas after each expansion valve. c) The rate of heat removal from the condenser in (kW). d) The refrigeration capacity of the cycle in (kW). e) The theoretical compresser displacement for each compressor (m/s). 1) The total power input to the compressors in (kW). g) The COP of the cascade refrigerator h) The EER (Btu/W-hr) i) The refrigerating efficiency