Problem $2$

Marks $3+3+7=13$

$($i$)$ For the proper operation of the CIDR, what are the two restrictions needed to be applied to the allocated IP blocks?

$($ii$)$ An ISP has requested a block of $\backslash (\backslash$mathbf$\{500\}\backslash )$ addresses. How many actual addresses are granted? What is the prefix length? Provide an example of the first address of such a block.

$($iii$)$ An organization is granted a block of addresses with the beginning address $152\mathrm{.}199\mathrm{.}68\mathrm{.}0/22.$ The organization needs to have $\backslash (\backslash$mathbf$\{3\}\backslash )$ sub$-$blocks of addresses to use in its three subnets: one sub$-$block of $\backslash (\backslash$mathbf$\{20\}\backslash )$ addresses, one sub$-$block of $\backslash (\backslash$mathbf$\{232\}\backslash )$ addresses, and one sub$-$block of $\backslash (\backslash$mathbf$\{503\}\backslash )$ addresses. Design the sub$-$blocks.

Show all steps and workings and provide explanations for the workings so that it can be understood