Problem $2$: What is the U value for these cases?

Plate connected using bolts $($fasteners$)$ only.

Plate using transverse welds only

Plate using longitudinal welds only where the total length of the weld $(l1+l2)=18$ in$.$

The width of the plate $w=8$ in and $\frac{x}{b}ar=0\mathrm{.}5in.$

Single angle where both legs are bolted to the gusset plates

Single angle $L8x8x1$ with longitudinal welds on one leg only with $l=8$ in

Single angle $L8x8x1$ with transverse welds on one leg only

Single angle bolted to the gusset plate using four $(4)$ bolts

Channel $C1020$ connected using one bolt only in the web

Single angle $L7x4\frac{1}{2}$ connected at the short leg using longitudinal weld with $l=7$ in

in combination with transverse and.