PROBLEM $()$ In civil engineering, what foundational theoretical principles underpin the analysis and design of structures, infrastructure, and environmental systems? How do concepts from mechanics, materials science, and fluid dynamics inform the understanding of structural behavior, soil mechanics, and hydraulic systems? Through what theoretical frameworks do civil engineers model and predict the performance of bridges, buildings, dams, and transportation networks? How do these theories contribute to the safe, sustainable, and efficient development of our built environment?