Problem Set 4.13: Identify Tests for Ordinal Data |Criterion: Identify tests for ordinal data. Instructions: Read the following and answer the questions. Identify the appropriate nonparametric test for each of the following examples and explain why a nonparametric test is appropriate. 1. A researcher measures fear as the time it takes to walk across a presumably scary portion of campus. The times [in seconds] that it took a sample of 12 participants were 8, 12, 15, 13, 12, 10. E, 10, Q, 15, 5-D, and 52. 2. Two groups of participants were given 5 minutes to complete a puzzle. The participants were told that the puzzle would be easy. In truth, in one group, the puzzle had a solution (Group Solution], and in the second group, the puzzle had no solution (Group No Solution]. The researchers measured stress levels and found that frustration levels were low for all participants in Group Solution and for all but a few participants who showed strikingly high levels of stress in Group No Solution. 3. A researcher measured student scores on an identical assignment to see how well students perform for different types of professors. |n Group Adviser, their professor was also their adviser; in Group Major, their professor taught in their major eld of study: in Group Nonmajor, their professor did not teach in their major eld of study. Student scores were ranked in each class, and the differences in ranks were compared. 4. A researcher has the same participants rank two types of advertisements for the same product. Differences in ranks for each advertisement were compared. E. A professor measures student motivation before, during, and after a statistics course in a given semester. Student motivation was ranked at each time in the semester, and the differences in ranks were compared