Productivity increases when:

a$.$ Inputs increase while outputs remain the same

b$.$ Outputs decrease while inputs remain the same

c$.$ Inputs decrease while outputs remain the same

d$.$ Inputs and outputs increase proportionally

The underlying statistical distribution for the $c-$chart is:

a$.$ Binomial

b$.$ Poisson

c$.$ Uniform

d$.$ Normal

When payoff represents profit, choosing the alternative that is the "best of the best" would be

a$.$ Maximax

b$.$ Maximin

c$.$ Laplace

d$.$ Minimax$-$regret

The manager of a supermarket would like to know which of several quality problems to address first. A tool that would be most helpful would be a:

a$.$ Checklist.

b$.$ Cause$-$and$-$effect diagram.

c$.$ Pareto chart.

d$.$ Scatter diagram.

Mass production is a term most often used to describe firms using a

a$.$ Line process and make$-$to$-$stock strategy

b$.$ Batch process and make$-$to order strategy

c$.$ Job process and assemble$-$to$-$order$-$strategy

d$.$ Continuous flow process and make$-$to$-$order strategy.

Which one of the following is a potential consequence of external failures?

a$.$ Longer lead time.

b$.$ More litigation costs.

c$.$ Less rework.

d$.$ Lower product costs.

Improving quality seems to be a strategie weapon in gaining market share. However, improving quality entails allocation of resources and effort. Which one of the following costs increases to improve quality?

a$.$ Appraisal costs

b$.$ Internal failure costs

c$.$ External failure costs

d$.$ Prevention costs

A manager of a fiberglass molding operation suspects that the number of defects is related to the number of total units produced of a particular product. A tool most useful in this analysis would be a:

a$.$ Scatter diagram

b$.$ Cause$-$and$-$effect diagram

c$.$ Pareto chart

d$.$ A checklist