Programs that interact with citizens to address crime problems and improve quality of life issues come under the heading of: Select one:

a. Community Justice

b. Community Policing

c. Team Policing

d. Problem Oriented Policing

Which of the following is concerned with proving that the requestor's identity can be verified? Select one:

a. Authentication

b. Integrity

c. Accountability

d. Authorization

Who presents a charge to the grand jury regarding the nature of criminal charges? Select one:

a. the prosecutor

b. the grand jury

c. the judge

d. the arresting police officer

Validity in a research project involves which of the following: Select one:

a. The variables one is choosing is appropriate in representing the concept under study

b. The way the information is collected is consistent with everyone who answers the survey questions

c. The variables being selected have both independence and dependence

d. The observation being considered can be compared to other groups in the same study

Which of the following theories does not belong in the Sociology School of Criminology? Select one:

a. containment

b. phrenology

c. differential association

d. social learning

A department manager would like to choose an access control model in which the owner of a resource decides who may modify permissions on that resource. Which model fits that scenario? Select one:

a. Discretionary access control (DAC)

b. Mandatory access control (MAC)

c. Rule-based access control

d. Role-based access control (RBAC)

The new designated candidate for Attorney General of the United States is: Select one:

a. Eric Holder

b. William Barr

c. John Roberts

d. Jeff Sessions

Cyber attacks that impact access or uptime to a critical system, application or data are known as attacks against which cybersecurity property? Select one:

a. Confidentiality

b. Availability

c. Authentication

d. Integrity

The Biological School on crime causation contends that: Select one:

a. crime is caused in some way by external factors in a persons environment

b. the basic determinants of crime are often inherited

c. crime is caused by malfunctions of the superego

d. crime can be prevented by research involving social conditions

Theorists who belong to the _________________ School would argue that crime is the result of the social conditions such as poverty, discrimination, and the closing of avenues to success. Select one:

a. Psychological

b. Behaviorist

c. Sociological

d. Social Mores

A criminological theory is best described as: Select one:

a. an attempt to identify the causes(s) of crime

b. the ranking of variables that have been accepted for the causes of crime among individuals

c. standardized systematic procedures in the search for knowledge on crime causation

d. an explanation that accounts of a set of factors that can be tested by further investigation

The major component of strain theory is:

Select one:

a. desire to achieve important goals in society

b. involvement in conventional values

c. commitment to appropriate lifestyles

d. emotional attachment to significant others

An Affirmative Defense is being described as:

Select one:

a. A defense used by the Prosecutor when an act by the defendant may be justified.

b. A defense where the prosecutor must prove the the elements of that defense to the legal standard of "Beyond Reasonable Doubt".

c. A defense only used in insanity defenses.

d. A defense prescribed in law where the defendant must prove the elements of the defense to the standard of a "Preponderance of the Evidence"

About __________percent of sentences are imposed in criminal cases because of guilty plea rather than trials.

Select one:

a. 82

b. 50

c. 34

d. 20