Projects Failure Research: In a paper titled "A study in Project Failure" two researchers examined the success and failure of $214$ IT projects over an eight$-$year period in several european countries. The researchers found that only one in eight $(12\mathrm{.}5$ percent$)$ were considered successful in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost goals. The authors made the following conclusions about factors that contribute to a project's failure. "Our evidence suggests that the culture with many organisations often such that leadership $,$ stakeholder and risk management issues are not factored into projects early on and in many instances cannot formally be written down for political reasons and are rarely discussed openly at project board or steering group meetings although they may be discussed at length behind closed doors. Despite attempts to make software development and project delivery more rogorious, a considerable proportion of dekivery effort results in systems that do not meet user expectations and are subsequently cancelled. In our view this is attributed to the fact that very few organisations have the infrastructure, education, training, or management discipline to bring projects to successful completion"

$1)$ According to the authors of the paper, what are some factors contributing to project failure in organisations?