Q$1.$

$[20$ Marks$]$

a$)$ What is the role of knowledge in Artificial Intelligence?

$(4$ marks$)$

b$)$ Determine whether each of the following sentences is satisfiable, contradictory, or valid

i$.(pvvq{)}^{{?}^{?}}(pvvnotq)vvp$

$(4$ marks$)$

ii$.,pq$notp

$(4$ marks$)$

c$)$ Show that modus ponens is a valid inference rule by showing that

$)=>(B|==B.$

$(4$ marks$)$

d$)$ Transform the following formula into conjunctive normal form

$A>B$

$(4$ marks$)$