q$2424$VG A solid theoretical foundation is essential in civil engineering for understanding structures, materials, and systems. By delving into theories of mechanics, materials science, and fluid dynamics, engineers can predict how structures will behave under various conditions. This knowledge informs the design process, ensuring safety, efficiency, and sustainability in construction projects. Additionally, theoretical frameworks help engineers innovate by pushing the boundaries of what is possible and optimizing designs for cost$-$effectiveness and environmental impact. In essence, theory provides the fundamental principles that underpin every aspect of civil engineering practice.