Q$4.$

$($a$)$ List the steps involved in the flow of information in a data acquisition system. Assume analog sensors and actuators are used with the system.

$(7$ marks$)$

$($b$)$ A $4-$bit ADC utilises the successive$-$approximation method for converting an input signal of $3\mathrm{.}2$ V and an input range of $0$ V to $+10$ V $.$ Determine the digital output using this method.

$(12$ marks$)$

$($c$)$ A mechatronics system requires a DAC to be specified for an output range of $0$ to $10$ V $.$ A resolution of $\backslash (1\backslash \%\backslash )$ of the output range is required in signal.

i$.$ Determine the number of bits required in the DAC.

ii$.$ If a $10$ bit DAC were used, what resolution would be achieved?

$(9\mathrm{.}33$ marks$)$

$($d$)$ Describe the operation of a binary$-$weighted ladder DAC. You should use a schematic to aid your description. List any limitations of this type of DAC.

$(5$ marks$)$