Q1 (20 points). Basic concepts: a) Describe these systems thermodynamically; earth, light-emitting diot, a dead E. coli b) Describe the infection of an organism by a virus in thermodynamic terms. c) Consider the liquid-solid transition of water at 1 atm pressure; is the entropy at 15C or +15C higher? Explain your answer briefly. d) Give two examples for a two-state system. e) Give one example each for Newtonian, shear-thinning, and shear thickening fluids. f) Give one real-life example for a system at metastable equilibrium g) How can you change the direction of an (electronic) spin? h) If the pH level of a solution increases, how does the shape parameter S of a molecule react to this change? i) What happens if you use x-ray diffraction on water? j) Which method or methods can we use to look at structure of water