Quality by Design $($QbD$)$ in biomanufacturing emphasizes building quality into a process by establishing a clear link between $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_($measurable characteristics of the product$)$ and $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_($factors influencing the manufacturing process$).$

Question $1$ options:

a$)$

final product form, packaging materials

b$)$

critical quality attributes $($CQAs$),$ critical process parameters $($CPPs$)$

c$)$

raw materials, final product specifications

d$)$

target markets, production costs

e$)$

downstream unit operations, upstream process steps