QUESTION $1$

$1\mathrm{.}1.$ The piezometer measurements at the end points A and $B$ of the soil sample are $10$ cm and $5$ cm $,$ respectively, and the velocity of water flow through the soil is $0\mathrm{.}001c\frac{m}{s}.$ The distance between the points A and $B$ is $20$ cm $.$ Determine the coefficient of permeability of the soil sample.

$1\mathrm{.}2.$ What is the shear strength in terms of effective stress on a plane within a saturated soil mass at a point where the total normal stress is $295k\frac{N}{m^2}$ and the pore water pressure $120k\frac{N}{m^2}?$ The effective stress parameters of the soil for the appropriate stress range are $c^{\text{'}}=12k\frac{N}{m^2}$ and $\frac{O}{{?}^{\text{'}}}=30.$

$[7$ marks$]$

QUESTION $2$

$2\mathrm{.}1.$ Distinguish between the following penetration$-$grade bitumen in terms of their properties and applications:

$2\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}1.$ The $\frac{50}{70}$ pen bitumen and $\frac{35}{50}$ pen bitumen.

$2\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}2.$ The $\frac{50}{70}$ pen bitumen and $\frac{70}{100}$ pen bitumen.

$2\mathrm{.}2.$ Identify two types of polymers used in bitumen and explain how they enhance its properties.