Question $1[20$ marks$]$:

The analysis of the road safety data for a two$-$lane highway in a rural area in Ontario indicated that there

is an increase of collision rates with wild animals in that area which represent a major concern for both

humans and wildlife. The section where the problem has been identified is characterized by vertical

curve the has the following features:

Length of the vertical curve: $L=200m$

Grade before the curve is $-3\mathrm{.}5\%$

Grade after the curve is $2\mathrm{.}5\%$

Design speed is $100k\frac{m}{h}$ and posted speed is $90k\frac{m}{h}$

Based on the provided information:

a$)[5$ marks$]$ What is the type of this vertical curve? Explain briefly the design concepts for this

type of curves.

b$)[5$ marks$]$ Calculate the safe stopping sight distance that this curve allows.

c$)[5$ marks$]$ Would you consider that this curve is safe? Justify your answer.

d$)[5$ marks$]$ What would explain the increase of the collision rate and what are the possible

measure to improve the safety on this vertical curve?

Assume that the headlight height of the design vehicle is $60cm$ and the upward divergence of the light

beam is $1.$