Question $1(30\backslash \%)$ CLO$1$

$($a$)$ Explain the concept of irreversibility in thermodynamic processes. How does entropy serve as a measure of irreversibility?

$($b$)$ Discuss the implications of the second law of thermodynamics regarding the efficiency of heat engines and the direction of natural processes.

$($c$)$ Provide a real$-$world example to illustrate the application of entropy analysis.

Question $2(35\backslash \%)$ CLO$2$

A steam turbine operates under steady$-$state conditions with steam entering at $10\backslash (\backslash$mathrm$\{$MPa$\},600^\{\backslash$circ$\}\backslash$mathrm$\{$C$\}\backslash ),$ and exhausting as a saturated vapour at $10$ kPa $.$ The mass flow rate of the steam through the turbine is $\backslash (13\mathrm{.}71\backslash$mathrm$\{$~kg$\}/\backslash$mathrm$\{$s$\}\backslash ).$ If the power output of the turbine is $5$ MW$,$ calculate:

$($a$)$ The rate of heat transfer to the surroundings

$($b$)$ Thermal efficiency of the turbine.

Question $3(35\backslash \%)$ CLO$3$

A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at $500$ K and $300$ K $.$ If the engine extracts $1500$ J of heat from the hot reservoir, calculate the amount of work done by the engine and the heat rejected to the cold reservoir.