Question $1\mathrm{.}3$: Explain the five primary activities of the Value Chain. Answer: The value chain, developed by Michael Porter, is a model that describes activities within an organization that create value for customers. The five primary activities are: $1.$ Inbound Logistics: Activities related to receiving, storing, and distributing raw materials. For example, Ford ensures efficient handling and storage of auto parts used in manufacturing. $2.$ Operations: The process of transforming raw materials into finished products. In Ford$$s case, this would include the assembly of vehicles in manufacturing plants. $3.$ Outbound Logistics: Activities involved in distributing the final product to customers. Ford coordinates transportation and logistics to deliver cars to dealerships. $4.$ Marketing and Sales: Efforts to promote the product and reach potential buyers, such as Ford$$s advertising campaigns and sales promotions. $5.$ Service: Post$-$sale services provided to maintain or enhance the product, like Ford$$s warranty programs and repair services.