Question $17(1$ point$)$

In $2020,$ the authors Arambula$-$Meraz et al$.$ published an article in the Journal of Genetics entitled: "Promoter polymorphisms of the PCA$3$ gene are not associated with its overexpression in prostate cancer patients". Based on the title of this article, this effort was most likely a $$ study, and the independent variable of the study was

$$

a$)$ discovery science; presence or absence of prostate cancer

b$)$ hypothesis$-$based; expression levels of the PCA$3$ gene

C$)$ hypothesis$-$based; promoter polymorphisms of the PCA$3$ gene

d$)$ discovery science; promoter polymorphisms of the PCA$3$ gene

e$)$ hypothesis$-$based; presence or absence of prostate cancer