Question -1 (a) Write down the steps and methods involved in this project (b) Representation of final product (prototype, creative product, simulation or research product)

TOPIC 2 The idea of this project is to build a voltage level detector using operational amplifiers that can be used as a voltage monitoring circuit. The indicator consists of an array of 8 LED-s that make a scale ranging from 0 V up to the supply voltage Vcc and light up proportionally according to the measured voltage. VOLTAGE LEVEL DISPLAY BATTERY 8% 20% 30% 40% SIDURACELL VOLTAGE MEASURING CIRCUIT 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Figure 1 - Voltage level indicator circuit The voltage measuring circuit uses operational amplifiers as voltage comparators and a resistor voltage divider network that provides a set of reference voltages for the individual op-amp comparator circuits. As the measured input voltage increases, the output of each op-amp comparator circuit switches and lights up one more LED on the scale. The voltage level monitor can be used in a variety of different applications such as a battery condition monitor. Comparator If V1 > V2 then VO = VCC+ If V1 V2 then VO = VCC+ If V1