Question $1$: $($Compulsory$)$ Attempt ALL Sections $[40$ marks$]$

a$)$ Explain the function of the Data Direction Register $($DDRx$)$ associated with a microcontroller I$/$O port.

$(5$ marks$)$

b$)$ Explain the term Pulse Width Modulation $($PWM$),$ in relation to a microcontroller output? Give examples of where PWM might be used.

$(5$ marks$)$

c$)$ Explain how negative integer numbers are stored$/$represented inside a microcontroller. Give details of the process required to convert a positive integer number to a negative integer number.

$(5$ marks$)$

d$)$ Explain the benefits of programming a microcontroller in a high$-$level language such as $"C"$ compared to using assembly language. Explain the problems with allocation of variables in assembly language, how does working in $"C"$ solve this problem?

$(5$ marks$)$

can you simplify the answers please and thank you.