Question$1.$ Consider a beam with a rectangular cross$-$section of width $400$ mm$,$ and the overall depth is $800$mm$.$ All steel reinforcement is composed of N$16$D$500$ bars, and the clear cover to reinforcement is $30$ mm$.$

a$)$ Design the reinforcement for a moment and sketch the layout of reinforcements for the cross$-$section. Justify your choice.

b$)$ Design the shear reinforcement for and sketch its layout. Note: assume the tensile reinforcement to be composed of $2$N$16$ bars.

Question$2$: Please discuss the important of the shear lag effect and on how this can have implications for the design and curtailment of longitudinal reinforcement. Could you develop one expression providing the minimum longitudinal reinforcement over the support of a simply supported beam?