$$Question $1$:Explore the principles and methodologies involved in the design and construction of sustainable urban drainage systems $($SUDS$)$ in civil engineering. Discuss the key factors that must be considered in the planning phase, including hydrological assessments, environmental impact evaluations, and socio$-$economic implications. Explain how SUDS integrate with existing urban infrastructure and contribute to flood mitigation, water quality improvement, and biodiversity enhancement. Evaluate the challenges faced during the implementation and maintenance of these systems, and propose innovative solutions to address these issues. Additionally, analyze the role of policy and regulation in promoting the adoption of SUDS, and assess the effectiveness of current legislative frameworks in various regions. Consider the long$-$term benefits and potential drawbacks of widespread SUDS adoption in urban areas, and discuss how advancements in technology and engineering practices can further optimize their performance and sustainability.