QUESTION 1. please answer TRUE or FALSE for the following:

a. Two groups of students are asked to list a few reasons why a business venture can fail. Group A is asked to list 2 possible reasons, whereas Group B is asked to list 4 possible reasons. After that, both groups are asked to estimate the probability that a business venture will fail. Group B will provide a lower estimate than Group A.

b. Students are asked whether the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin is taller or shorter than 150 meters (vs. 25 meters). Students in the 150-meters condition will have a lower estimate of the Brandenburg Gate height than those in the 25-meters condition.

c. We can use randomization to help control the potential impact of extraneous variables.

d. According to endowment effect, people ascribe more value to things merely because they own them.

e. Regardless of the condition or framing, consumers are always risk-averse.

f. Heuristics are simple, efficient rules which people often use to form judgments and make decisions.

g. Holistic thinking focuses on the central object and its attributes and then reasons about it using categories and rules.

h. Correlation doesnt prove causation.

i. Researchers aim to study how prices of $2.99 vs. $3.00 can impact consumer shopping behavior. In the store of $2.99, there is an internal construction going on, whereas the store of $3.00 has no such construction. We thus call construction versus no construction a participant extraneous Variable.

j. People with an independent self-construal tend to have a prevention focus self-regulation.

k. People with Western cultures have the same level of independent self-construal.

l. Individual differences examine how people are similar and how they differ in their thinking, feeling and behavior.

m. People tend to associate librarians with the construct of stylish."

n. Promotion-focus suggests a motivation to avoid undesired end states.

o. Compared to interdependent, independent people have a greater overlap between the self and others.