QUESTION $1$

The author defines organization development $($OD$)$ as $q,$ an effort $(1)$ planned, $(2)$ organizationwide, and $(3)$ managed from the top, to $(4)$ increase organization effectiveness and health through $(5)$ planned interventions in the organization's "processes," using behavioral$-$science knowledge.

being based on $(1)$ a set of values, largely humanistic; $(2)$ application of the behavioral sciences; and $(3)$ open$-$systems theory, organization development is a systemwide process of planned change aimed toward improving overall organization effectiveness by way of enhanced congruence of such key organizational dimensions as external environment, mission, strategy, leadership, culture, structure, information and reward systems, and work policies and procedures.

the process of increasing organizational effectiveness and facilitating personal and organizational change through the use of interventions driven by social and behavioral science knowledge.

the process by which change is conducted and in which a change agent is more effective.